Position in chronology
TMH 05, 033
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020447.
Why it matters
Transliteration
4(asz@c) ku6 esz3-sze3!(TUG2) 4(asz@c) nin-urta 4(asz@c) dingir-mah 4(asz@c) en-ki PAP 4(asz@c) nin-tin-ugx(|EZENxHAL|)-ga [PAP?] [x] 2(asz@c)#? an? PAP? 2(asz@c) en-lil2-zi 2(asz@c) en-ur 2(asz@c) utu PAP 2(asz@c) ir-da PAP
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — TMH 05, 033. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P020447) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P020447..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.