Sumerian·Book

Position in chronology

AAS 202

~2270 BCE·Akkadian Empire·P212450

About this tablet

A small administrative tablet from the Akkadian period (roughly 2350–2150 BCE), recording what appears to be a labor or ration list: a series of individual personal names, each preceded by the number '1', followed by a summary line stating that their account has been completed and giving a total of seven people over five months. Documents like this were the bread-and-butter of Mesopotamian bureaucracy — tracking workers, their assignments, or the commodities owed to them. The surviving names include recognizable Sumerian elements ('Lugal-maškim' means something like 'the king is a deputy/constable'), giving a glimpse of the real people behind the numbers. The tablet is now held in Paris as part of the Collège de France collection.

Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.

Translation · reference

Low confidence
x x [...] 1 [...] kal?-la? 1 Me-pa?-x 1 Ur-[...] 1 Lugal-maškim [1] Lu-[...] [1] Lu-[...] [...] Pa-geš-[...] their account has been made 7 (persons), 5 months

Source: engine:claude-sonnet-4-6 (2026-05-12/v4-interpretation)

Translation · AI engine

read from photo
Low confidence
x x [...] 1 [...] kal?-la? 1 Me-pa?-x 1 Ur-[...] 1 Lugal-maškim [1] Lu-[...] [1] Lu-[...] [...] Pa-geš-[...] their account has been made 7 (persons), 5 months
6 uncertain terms
  • kal?-la?Reading uncertain; could be a personal name element or an occupational term (e.g., 'kala' = strong, or part of a compound name). The '?' in the transliteration signals the editor's own doubt.
  • me-pa?-xPossibly a personal name beginning with 'me-pa-' but the final sign is unread; alternative readings of 'me-' component are possible.
  • lugal-maszkimSumerian personal name: lugal = 'king', maškim = 'deputy, commissioner, constable'. Well-attested as a personal name in this period.
  • pa-gesz-[...]Possibly a personal name or toponym; the 'pa-geš' element is known in Sumerian onomastics but the broken end prevents a firm reading.
  • gurum2-bi i3-akStandard administrative formula: 'their (account-)inspection has been performed / their account has been made'. Attested widely in Ur III and Akkadian administrative texts.
  • 7(disz@t) mu 5(disz@t) itiThe '@t' notation indicates a tablet-format number; translates as '7 (persons), 5 months'. 'mu' here functions as a classifier for persons in some readings, though it can also mean 'year' — context favours persons given the list structure.
Reasoning ↓

The photograph shows what appear to be multiple views of the same small lenticular/oval tablet (a form common in Akkadian-period administrative records) plus a flat fragment labelled 'CFC 141' at bottom. The central face (obverse) shows clearly ruled horizontal lines with cuneiform wedges; individual signs are visible but the resolution and surface erosion make precise sign-by-sign confirmation difficult. The top portion of the obverse is the most legible: vertical and horizontal wedges consistent with number signs (the asz@c / lenticular 'one' sign) followed by groups of signs matching the personal names in the transliteration. The reverse/lower oval view appears largely uninscribed or too worn to read. The flat lower fragment (CFC 141 label) shows additional ruled lines with signs that are consistent with the summary lines 'gurum2-bi i3-ak' and the final count line, though individual wedges cannot be confirmed at this resolution. The transliteration is taken as the primary reading guide; the photo corroborates the general format (list of ones + summary) but cannot verify specific sign readings such as 'kal?-la?' or 'me-pa?-x', hence the low confidence. The 'gurum2-bi i3-ak' formula ('their account has been made/checked') is a standard Ur III / Akkadian administrative closing formula, lending credibility to the reading. The totals line '7(disz@t) mu 5(disz@t) iti' — 7 persons, 5 months — is a typical labor-account summary.

Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · prompt 2026-05-12/v4-interpretation · May 12, 2026 · 3480 in / 1056 out tokens

Why it matters

Transliteration

x x [...]
1(asz@c) [...] kal?-la?
1(asz@c) me-pa?-x
1(asz@c) ur-[...]
1(asz@c) lugal-maszkim
[1(disz)] lu2-[...]
[1(disz)] lu2# [...]
[...] pa-gesz-[...]
gurum2-bi i3-ak
7(disz@t) mu 5(disz@t) iti

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)) — AAS 202. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: College de France, Paris, France (P212450) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-sonnet-4-6 (2026-05-12/v4-interpretation).

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