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Code of Ur-Nammu
The oldest surviving law code in human history. The principle that the state — not the wronged family — defines and enforces justice begins here.
LawE-IGI.NIM-pa'e 1
(1) For Diĝir-mah, E-iginim-pa-e, ruler of Adab, ..., builder of the E-mah.
Law
E-IGI.NIM-pa'e 2
Commemorates E-iginim-pa'e of Adab's construction of the E-mah temple for the goddess Diĝir-mah, attesting royal building piety and the foundation-peg ritual at one of Sumer's lesser-documented city-states.
LawErridu-pizir 1
(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle. (colophon 2, 1) The inscription .... This statue ....
LawErridu-pizir 3
(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle. (colophon 2, 1) The inscription on his shoulder. (colophon 3, 1) Tablet with 3 inscriptions (from) the statues of Erridu-pizir.
LawGan-kug-sig 1 / CDLI Seals 001443 (CDLI Seals 001443 (physical))
(1) Gan-kunsig, erešdiĝir priestess of Pabilsaĝ.
LawGeme-Bau 1 (Prima del'alfabeto 06)
(1) To Šul-šagana, her personal god, Geme-Bau, erešdiĝir priestess of Bau, dedicated this for her life.
LawGiša-kidu 1
(1) When Šara became glorious, and Barag-irnun, spouse of Ĝiša-kidug, king of Umma, child of Ur-Luma, king of Umma, descendant of En-akale, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma, built a holy dais for Šara of the E-mah, then she presented Šara with this (object) for the E-mah for her well-being.
LawHala-Adda 1
(1) Dada, the governor of Šuruppag, (and) Hala-adda, the governor of Šuruppag, his child, strenghtened the gate of Sud with walls.
LawHala-Bau 1001
(1) To Šul-šagana, the beloved child of Ninĝirsu, her master, Ḫala-bau, the spouse of Lugal-irida, dedicated this (mace) for her well-being.
LawHammu-rapi 14 (Akkadian)
(1) For Utu, lord of heaven and earth, his master. (3) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the beloved shepherd of Marduk, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Utu gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for Utu, the lord who supports him, he built the E-babbar, his beloved temple in Larsam, (Utu’s) city of lordship.
LawHammu-rapi 16
(1) For Inana of Zabala, the lady whose fearsome radiance covers heaven and earth, his lady. (5) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the shepherd who makes Marduk's heart happy, the prince beloved by Inana, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Inana, who makes the omens favourable for him, gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for his beloved Inana, he built the E-zi-kalama, her beloved temple in Zabala, her city of ladyship.
LawHammu-rapi 2004
(1) Utu, the great lord of heaven and earth! Keep your obedient prince, Hammu-rapi, alive!
LawHammu-rapi 23add
(1) Aya, lady of the Ebabbar! Keep your obedient prince, Hammu-rapi, alive!
LawIdattu 1
(1) For Idattu, grandchild of Ebarat, child of Kindattu, Utu's shepherd, Inana's beloved, king of Anšan, king of the Šimaškians and Elam, Kiten-rakittapi, the grand vizier of Elam and chancellor, his servant, fashioned this (bowl).
LawKuda 1
(1) To Ningal, the divine lady of Urim, Kuda, the temple administrator of Inan, devotee of Utu, ....
LawKuda 1001 / CDLI Seals 001426 (CDLI Seals 001426 (physical))
(1) Nineša, en-priestess of Meš-saĝĝa-Unuga, child of Lugal-sila.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1002
(1) ... Bau, the kind woman, the šhild of An, the lady of Iri-kug, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1003
(1) ... Inana, lady of the E-ana ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1004
(1) ... the proteštive spirit of Tarsirsir, Bau, his lady, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1005
(1) ... Meslamta-ea, his master, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1006
(1) Nanše, the mighty lady....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1007
(1) ... Ninegala, his lady ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1008
(1) To Ninĝirsu, his master ... for the well-being ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1009
(1) ... Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1010
(1) ... Ninĝirsu, the poweful warrior of Enlil, his master ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1011
(1) To Lalburduga, his/her personal god ... for the well-being of ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1014
(1) To Ninšubur, the envoy of An, his/her personal god ... for the well-being of ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1015
(1') ..., his/her personal god, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1017
(i 1') To ..., his lady, ..., the travelling merchant ... for the well-being ..., ruler of Lagaš, and for his own well-being.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1018
(1') ... Lagaš, ..., envoy ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1019
(1') To ..., Lu-Šara, the overseer, the child of Gudea, the overseer, ... for the well-being of ..., ruler of Lagaš, and for his own well-being.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1020
(1') ... the ruler of Lagaš ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1021
(1') ... dedišated this (statuette) ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1022
(1') To ... Ur-Bau, the child of Šeššeš, the merchant, dedicated this (bowl) for ..., the ruler of Lagaš. The name of this stone (bowl) is “My personal god, I request life with this (bowl)”.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1023
(1') ... Ur-Šulpaea ... for ... of Lagaš.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1025
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) for his well-being and for the well-being of his spouse and child. The name of this bowl is “My lady will rise!”.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1026
(1') ... The name of ... is “... looked at me. May he/she šare for me!”.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1027
(1') ... The name of this ... is “... will rise!”.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1028add (FT 2, pl. 41, AO 12774)
(o 1') ..., ruler of Lagaš, built his E-dura.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1029add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 03)
(1') ... made an eternal thing appear: he built ... his E-ninnu-anzud-babbar.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1031add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 05)
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1032add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 06)
(1') ... for his well-being ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1034add
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1035add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 09)
(1') ..., ruler of Lagaš, ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1036add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 12)
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) for his well-being and for the well-being of his spouse and child.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1039add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 19)
(1') To ..., ..., ruler of Lagaš, dedicated this (bowl) for his well-being.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1040add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 20)
(1') ..., ... of Lagaš built his/her temple in Ĝirsu.
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1042add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 23)
(Fragment a, 1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) ....
LawLagaš II Unidentified 1043add (FAOS 09/1, Lagash 25)
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) ..., and for his/her own well-being.
Law