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1–11 of 11
Code of Lipit-Ishtar
One of the earliest law codes after the Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100 BCE), and the closest direct predecessor of Hammurabi's better-known code. Lipit-Ishtar's code is written in Sumerian — by this period a learned tongue, no longer spoken in daily life — and uses monetary compensation for personal injury, in continuity with Ur-Nammu. The legal tradition is Sumerian; Hammurabi's later innovation is largely to translate it into Akkadian and add the lex talionis.
Law
Plimpton 322
Whatever its purpose, this single tablet shows that Babylonian mathematicians, working in base-60, had an arithmetic understanding of right triangles a millennium before Pythagoras was born.
Astronomy & Mathematics
Astronomical cuneiform tablet - AD 61
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: One of the latest dated cuneiform tablet, AD 61, Babylon, "Almanach" type. It gives the monthly positions of the planets in the zodiac, dates solstices, equinoxes, eclipses, rising of Sirius. From Bab
Astronomy & Mathematics
Cuneiform legal tablet in case from Aleppo
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet from Alalakh still in clay envelope. Dated 1720 BC.
Law
Cuneiform tablet- ephemeris of eclipses from at least S.E. 177 to 199 (?) MET ME86 11 345
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Seleucid; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed
Astronomy & Mathematics
Cuneiform tablet- legal decision by appointed judges MET ME66 245 19a
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Old Assyrian Trading Colony; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed
Law
Cuneiform tablet, legal document concerning a trial, Sumer, modern Iraq, c. 2037-2029 BC - Spurlock Museum, UIUC - DSC05943
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Exhibit in the Spurlock Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA. This work is old enough so that it is in the public domain. CDLI: https://cdli.earth/artif
Law
Hattusa Bronze Tablet Cuneiform
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Bronze tablet from Çorum-Boğazköy dating from 1235 BC. Photographed at Museum of Anatolian Civilisations. This cuneiform document excavated at Hattusa in 1986 is the only bronze tablet found in Anatol
Law
Hittite Cuneiform Tablet- Legal Deposition(?)
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Tablet on display at the Oriental Institute , with the caption: Hittite Cuneiform Tablet: Legal Deposition(?) Baked clay Hattusha Late Bronze Age (13th century BC) A6004 A6004 - VBot 30 - CTH 832
Law
Tablet BM131452
Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay cuneiform tablet of a legal case before Saustatar, King of Mitanni, involving Niqmepa, King of Alalakh. Dated 1550BC-1400BC.
Law
Code of Hammurabi (stele)
Not the first law code, but the most complete and the most famous. Inscribed on a black diorite stele over two meters tall, displayed in a public place — law made visible, law made monumental.
Law