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Sumerian · Book

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A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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251–300 of 1783

Page 6 / 36

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2504

Obverse 9 (units): MAR~a, NA~a(?), sheep (UDU~a), ZATU749~b. 7 (units): sheep (UDU~a), ZATU749~b. (—): ZATU821, GI. (—): NIN, SIG. (—): TE, RAD~a, the temple administrator (SANGA~a). Reverse 1(N14) 6(N01) — i.e. 16 (units): sheep (UDU~a), DUB~a, ZATU749~b. (—): SIG, NIN.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2506

Obverse 2(N14) [= 20] — sheep — female (ewes) 3(N01) [= 3] — rams 2(N01)[?] [= 2] — kids (young goats) [...] — [...] ŠU ["received/in hand"(?)] — line broken 1(N14) [= 10] — consumed/disbursed (GU7), RAD(?) 3(N01) [= 3] — barley 5(N01) [= 5] — sheep 1(N01) [= 1] — beer 2(N14) [= 20] — bread/food portions (GAR) 1(N01) [= 1] — ŠITA-vessel, oil (NI) Reverse (subscript, no numeral) MUŠ3 — ME — LAL3 (syrup) — ŠUR2[?]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2507

Obverse (col. i) 1. 4(N15)? — E₂ (household/estate) PA (overseer/section-mark) 2. 3(N15)? — IŠ RAD 3. 1(N15)? — ŠU ("hand/received") TUR ("small") 4. 1(N15)? — AN URU (sky/divine; settlement) 5. [… (numeral lost)] — [… ] EN (lord/institutional head) 6. [… ] 1(N14) — IM 7. 1(N14) — E₂ (household/estate) NAGA SI 8. 2(N50) 3(N14) — |ḪI×1(N57)| ZATU756 9. 1(N45) 6(N14) — [ … (entry lost) ] (The left portion of the tablet is broken away; the numerals of lines 5–6 and the designation of line 9 are lost. No further inscribed text is preserved on the reverse beyond the large numerical impressions co…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2511/1

(obverse) [...] , [...] 1(N57) — allotted(?) 7 (N01) , NI~a NE~a [...] , [...] ... persons(?) 7 (N01) , ZATU659(?) LAGAB~a [...] 3 (N34) 1 (N01) , 1 (N57) — allotted, GIŠ(?) [...] [...] , ... [...] 2 (N01) , ewes 2 (N14) 3 (N01) , she-goats 1 (N01) , ram(?) (UTUA~a) (reverse) (no number preserved) , [...] 2 (N01) , [...] 2 (N01) [...] , [...] (Remainder of the reverse broken; the triangular sign ZATU659 stands alone as a heading/label. Left edge bears only the modern collection number MS 2511.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2512

Obverse 1. [...] — [...] 2. [...] — [...] (one unidentified sign) 3. [...] — [...] ZATU659 4. [...] — [...] NAGA (natron / soapwort) 5. [...] — [...] MUŠEN (bird), RAD 6. [...] — [...] ZATU659(?) 7. (number lost) — 1(N57) MUN (salt) 8. 1(N01) — IB [...] 9. 1(N01)(?) [...] — [...] (The remainder of the surface, including the lower obverse and much of the reverse, is broken away or effaced; no further continuous entries are recoverable.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2514

1. 2(N01) — ...(ZATU694), DA DA 2. — NI (oil/fat?), barley, AN, DI, RAD 3. 1(N01) — beer (in a) ...-vessel(?) (ZATU737×E?) 4. — the GAL-official (and) the SANGA-administrator 5. 2(N01) — nanny goats, DI, A 6. 1(N01) — young goat (kid): the chief GAL-official (of?) the SANGA-administrator 7. 3(N01) — BAR(-portions), NI (oil/fat?), barley, AN

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2516

1(N52) — allotted (BA; sign damaged) [...] 1(N52) — ... 2(N01) — received (ŠU2) 3(N01) — reed mats (KID; sign damaged) 1(N01) — [(for) the musician (NAR SU)] 1(N52) — ... [...] — [...] 3(N52) — ... 2(N01) — received (ŠU2) 3(N01) — reed mats (KID) 1(N01) — (for) the musician (NAR SU) 1(N34) (= 60 units) — NIM (entry lost) — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2520

Obverse 1. [......] , [......] 2. [...] , [...] SIG RAD [...] — "... wool(?)/SIG-quality ... RAD ..." 3. [......] , [......] 4. 1(N02) [...] , ... [...] — "1 (unit of the N02 series) of [a commodity now lost] ..." 5. ... [...] , [......] 6. , ... [......] 7. [......] , [......] 8. [......] , [......] (The entries are almost entirely broken; only the numeral 1(N02), the sign pair SIG RAD, and isolated damaged sign traces survive.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2677

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] the EN (lord/priest-ruler) ... NUN (prince/institution) 2. [...] , [...] (two illegible signs) 3. [...] 3(N01) , ŠA, TAK4, beer 4. [...] , [...] 5. 1(N01) , a GAL-vessel (large cup), ŠITA(?) (libation vessel?) 6. 1(N01) , SI (horn?), (of the) courtyard 7. 1(N01) , ERIN 8. ...... , reed(-unit?), ŠUBUR, UŠ 9. [...] , GA2-container ... ŠE3 ... NUN(?), IM(?) 10. [...] , [...] 11. [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2680

Obverse 1. [...] 2 (units) ..., NUN-b (category marker) [...] 2. [...] 2 (units) ..., young goats (MAŠ₂) 3. 1 (unit) ..., ... [...] 4. 1 (unit) ..., ... [...] 5. [...] , [...] Reverse(?) 6. 60 (1 N34) , [...] ... allotted(?) ... barley ... [...] 7. 126 (2 N34 + 6 N01) [...] , sheep [...] 8. [...] , [...] ...

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2681

1. 2(N01) , U8# — 2 ewes 2. 2(N14) 8(N01) , X [...] — 28 ... [...] 3. [...] 5(N01) , MASZ2 — [...] 5 kids (young goats) 4. 1(N01) , GU4# — 1 ox 5. , [...] — [...] 6. [...] , [...] — [...] 7. 1(N01) , GU4# NE~a — 1 NE-ox (ox of NE-quality?) 8. , — (case empty or effaced) 9. , [...] X — [...] ... (traces)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2684

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] 2 : oil/fat(?) — small(?) (NI~a TUR) 3. 2 : UTUL-vessels(?) of the settlement (UTUL~a URU~a1) 4. 1 : ibex (DARA3×KAR2) 5. 1 : Adab 6. 1 : (sign ZATU799, meaning unknown) 7. [...] , [...] ... (remainder of the account broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2686

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. 9 (units) — KA RAD DI (a designated category, meaning uncertain) 3. 7 (units) — BU₃ NA (a designated category) 4. 10 [+ ...] (units) — RAD DI [...] 5. [...] — ... [...] 6. [Total?] (LAGAB) [...] Reverse 7. 26 (units) — small ... (TUR), MUŠEN×PAP(?)-birds(?), TI 8. 5 (units) — ... [...] 9. [...] , [...] 10. 6 (units) — NUN-quality/category 11. 1 ram (UDUNITA) 12. 1 kid (young male goat, MAŠ₂) 13. [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2689

Obverse 1. [...] 3 [...] , [...] ... KA(?) MA 2. 3 , TAK4, A, flax(?), ŠA 3. 2 , tallies(?) — birds (and) kids 4. [...] , [...] 5. 5 , [...] 6. 3 [...] , [...] 7. 1 , [...] 8. 1 , [...] Reverse(?) 9. 31 (3×10+1) , sheep 10. [...] , plow(-team)(?) ... [...] 11. [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2690

(Composite of obverse and reverse; the account is broken at beginning and end) 1. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces) 2. [...] , [...] 3. [...] , [...] textile(s) 4. [...] , [...] 5. 1 (unit) , linen (garment) 6. 2 (units) , 1 fine ...-garment(s) (SAL BAR) 7. — , (of/for) the settlement — the temple administrator (SANGA) 8. [...] , [...] textile(s) 9. [...] , [...] 10. 1 (unit) , [...] 11. 1 (unit) , 1 [...] ...-portion (BAR) 12. — , (for the) expedition/journey (of) the plow(-team) (KASKAL APIN) 13. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2693

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] sheep 2. [...] , [...] DA, NI (oil?), GIŠ₃ 3. [...] , [...] 4. 3 (N01) , NUN 5. 2 (N01) , kids (young goats) 6. ... , X [...] 7. [...] , [...] (The reverse is uninscribed.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2694

(Proto-cuneiform account; entries read as: quantity , sign group) [...] , [...] (entry broken) 2(N01) , EN EZEN — 2: the lord/en-official (of the) festival 1(N01) , KU6 MUSZEN MASZ — 1: fish (and) bird (as) goat-equivalent/levy(?) [...] , [...] (entry broken) 2(N01) , KU AN — 2: ... (KU-commodity) (of) AN 3(N01) , KU KASZ — 3: ... (KU-commodity), beer 2(N01) , DA DU — 2: ... delivered/brought(?) [...] , [...] (entry broken) 9(N01) , NA KI NAB(?) — 9: ..., place/origin ...(?) 1(N01) , RU — 1: given/deposited(?) 1(N14) 1(N01) (= 11) , AN BA GI — 11: allotted (to/of) AN, (in) reed-bundle/tally u…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2695

(Archaic Uruk-period account; entries are ideographic case-by-case notations, not connected prose) 1. [...] 2 — goat(?), man/personnel 2. 1 — AN, Šubur, HI (person or designation) 3. 1 — GI(-unit), bird, NA 4. 2 — (for) the SUKKAL (minister/official), deposited(?) 5. 3 [...] — SIG7 [...] 6. [...] — [...] 7. 1 — allotted(?), KIŠIK(?) 8. 1(N57) — allotted(?), IB, URI3 (standard/emblem?) 9. 1 [...] — ... [...] 10. 1 — AN ŠU2 11. 4 — SIG7 12. 1 — NA, KI (place/origin marker?) 13. 2 — GA2, DUR2, ... 14. [...] — [...] KA 15. 45 (4×10 + 5) — sheep, ZATU819 [...] (probably the summary total)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/01

Obverse 1. 1(N01) — UNUG: 1 (unit/person): Uruk (the city/sanctuary sign) 2. 1(N01) — EN SAG AN: 1: the EN (lord/priest-ruler) — SAG (head/person) — AN (sky/divine) 3. 1(N01) — ZI MUŠEN KAŠ: 1: ZI — bird — beer 4. 1(N01) — ŠU |GIŠxŠU2| GIR3: 1: 'hand' (received?) — GIŠxŠU2 — GIR3 5. 1(N01) — ŠA TAK4 A: 1: ŠA — TAK4 — water 6. [...] — ... [...] 7. 1(N01) — [...]: 1: [...] 8. 1(N01) — ... [...]: 1: [...] 9. 1(N01) — PAP ŠU [...]: 1: PAP (elder/supervisor) — 'hand' [...] 10. 1(N01) — [...]: 1: [...] 11. 1(N01) — [...]: 1: [...] 12. [...] — [...] (Break) 13. [...] 1(N01) — 1(N57) ... [...]: [...]…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/02

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] 2(N01) [= 2 units] , [...] ... RU [given/deposited(?)] 3. [...] , [...] MA [fig(?)/vessel(?)] KI [place(?)] NUNUZ [eggs(?)] 4. [...] , [...] SUKUD(?) [tall/height(?)] NI [oil/fat(?)] 5. [...] , [...] 6. 2(N01) [= 2 units] , ... [...] 7. 4(N01) [= 4 units] , BAN(?) [a capacity measure/vessel] ... [...] 8. 3(N01) [= 3 units] , [...] 9. [...] , [...] (The tablet is a fragment; the beginnings and ends of nearly every case are broken away.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/04

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. , [...] ŠE.NAM2 (grain, of the NAM2-category) [...] 3. [...] , [...] 4. 1(N14) 7(N01) (= 17) , she-goats 5. 8(N01) (= 8) , ewes(?) 6. 1(N14) (= 10) [+ ...] 3(N01) (= 3) , [entry lost] 7. , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/08

Obverse 1. [...] ... (traces of an illegible sign) 2. 1 (unit, N01): DAR (a 'variegated' item, perhaps a partridge-like bird), NI (oil/fat commodity?), DA (separator/adjacency marker) 3. — allotted/distributed (BA) 4. [...] ... DI ... RAD (entry of an undetermined commodity or official) 5. [...] ... (illegible sign) 6. [...] (line lost) 7. [...] (line lost) 8. ... [...] (traces only)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/09

(obverse, single column; each entry: numeral , commodity/sign) 1. [...] , [...] NI (oil/fat?) 2. [...] , [...] 3. 2 , IŠ (function undetermined) 4. 2 , ... [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. 1 , GIR3 7. 1 , U2 (fodder/plant?) GIR3-gunû 8. 2 [...] , [...] NI (oil/fat?) 9. 1 , deficit(?): textile(?) 10. 1 , NE [...] 11. 6 , ... [...] 12. 2 , ... [...] 13. [...] , [...] 14. [...] , [...] ŠE.NAM2 (grain category), SAG (head/first?) 15. [...] , [...] (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/10

1. [...] , [...] ... (traces) 2. ...... , (the) Tigris, ME, ..., fish, RAD, great [...] 3. [...] , [...] ... (traces) 4. [...] , [...] 5. ...... , AN, UR5, water(?), 3 (N57-strokes), NAM2, DI, 1 (N57-stroke), allotted (BA) 6. [...] , [...] 7. [...] , [...] 8. 10 (N14) , [item lost] 9. 10 (N14) + 2 (N01)(?) , [item lost] 10. 6 (N01) , [item lost] 11. [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/12

Obverse 1. [...] 1 (unit) ... [...] 2. 1 (unit), NIM ... [...] 3. [...] 2 (units), black ... [...] 4. [...] ... AN ... [...] 5. 1 (unit), the house/storehouse(?) ... [...] 6. [...] ... [...] (rest of the fragment broken; the reverse is uninscribed as photographed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/13

(Obverse; all cases broken at left) 1. [...] , [...] ... (illegible sign) 2. [...] , [...] NUNUZ (egg/roe?) — SANGA (temple administrator?) 3. [...] , [...] ... (illegible sign) 4. 3 (units) , [...] ... NI (oil/fat?) — small(?) 5. [...] , [...] (entirely lost) 6. [...] , [...] URU (settlement/city) (rest destroyed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/14

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. 2 (units): the storehouse (E2) — delivery (DU) — male workers (ERIM); 3. [...] : ... [...] 4. [...] : [...] TAK4 ... ...; 5. 1 (unit): [...]; 6. [...] : [...] ...; 7. 4 (units) [...] : the EN (lord/priest-ruler), TE [...]. (The reverse is uninscribed apart from faint traces; the rest of the obverse entries are broken away.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/15

1. [...] : wool, 2. 1 : garment, 3. 1 : linen, 4. 1 : [...], 5. 4 [...] : [...], 6. 2 : linen, 7. 1 [...] : 1 (unit) fine/female [BAR], 8. [...] : GIR3, the temple administrator (SANGA) [...], 9. [...] : [...] ... BAR(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/16

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] |LAGAB×SI| (uncertain reading) 3(N01) , honey/syrup (LAL2~a) — GI (reed-measure) 2(N01) , 4(N57) [ZATU759-sign] — storehouse (E2) 2(N01) , NI~a — small/TUR 1(N01) , ISZ~b — BU~a 1(N14) 3(N08) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2843

4(N01), U8 (ewes) 7(N01), UD5~a (she-goats) 1(N14) 1(N01), UTUA~a (commodity: 11) 1(N14) 6(N01), UDUNITA~a (rams/male sheep: 16) 1(N14) 1(N01), NUN~b (qualifier category: 11) 3(N14)# 8(N01), MASZ2 (goats: 38, numeral partly damaged) 1(N34) 2(N14) 7(N01), UDU~a 1(N57) BA (sheep, total: disbursed/allotted) ,

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/01

Obverse 1. 2 (units) — the SANGA (temple administrator/official), RAD (commodity/designation) 2. [...] — [...] 3. 1 (unit) — NA₂, the AB (cattle-stall/institution) 4. 2 (units) — the E₂ (household/storehouse), the PA (overseer/category mark) 5. [...] — [...] Reverse 6. [...] — [...], GIR₃-gunû, Šubur, SIG, RAD (closing/total entry)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/02

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] SAG (head / person?) ... [...] 2. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces) 3. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces) 4. [...] 4(N01) , [...] 5. 5(N01) , ... TUR (small?) [...] 6. (quantity lost) , SI (horn?), U8xTAR (a ewe-sign compound; a sheep-product or animal category), AL (hoe / agricultural category?) 7. [...] , [...] the SANGA (temple administrator?), TE, RAD [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/05

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] 3(N01) X [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/09

(Obverse) Column i 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] x 3. [...] 1(N50) 4(N45) [...] , [...] 4. 1(N63) 1(N50) 4(N48) 7(N34) [...] , x [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. [...] , [...] (Remainder of tablet — edges and reverse shown in photograph — uninscribed or bearing no legible signs beyond the numerical impressions noted above.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/16

[...] , [...] ... [...] , [...] house/institution (E2) [...] , ... AN GUB3 ("left/standing") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) 1(N04) AN ... , TE SZUBUR (dependent workers?) 1(N01) , GUG2 NI (oil/fat pouch?) [...] , [...] 1(N01) , interior/contents (ŠA3) [...] 1(N01) , AN SAGSZU ("persons in hand/under authority") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) bird (MUŠEN) goat/interest (MAŠ) AN NI 1(N01) , AN NI ... [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/17

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] storehouse(?) (E2~a) X [...] , [...] [...] , X AN, egg/roe(?) (NUNUZ~a0) 1 (unit) , MAR(~a) NI(~a) 1 (unit) , KA(~a) A [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , [...] given/deposited(?) (RU) 1 (unit) , NI(~a) A 1 (unit) , KU(~b1) AN [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/02

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] (broken) Line 2: [...] , UTUA~a (broken count — commodity: UTUA~a) Line 3: 1(N14) , UDUNITA~a — "1 (unit N14): male sheep (ram)" Line 4: 2(N14) 7(N01) , NUN~b# — "2 (units N14) + 7 (units N01): NUN~b (category/grade)" Line 5: [...] SIG# RAD~a# — broken; then SIG, then RAD~a Line 6: 1(N34)# 2(N14)# [...] , [...] UDU~a [...] — "1 (unit N34) + 2 (units N14) [...]: [...] sheep [...]"

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/03

[...] , [...] 2(N01) , LAL2~a NE~a 3(N01) , [broken sign] [...] [...] , [...] [(no entry)] , [...] [...] 1(N34) 2(N14) 3(N01) , [...] URU~a1 ("settlement") BU~a PA~a [...] , [...] A ("water") [...] , [...] AN [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] APIN~b ("plow") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a U4 ("day/sun") [...] , [...] [broken sign] PAP~a SAL ("woman") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a MA ("boat/vessel") [...] , [...] [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] [broken sign] [...] , [...] [broken sign]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/04

(Case 1) [...] , [...] x [broken] (Case 2) [...] , [...] x SZUBUR (dependent-workers/Subarians) — EN (lord/high official) — ZATU624 [sign uncertain, damaged] — NU (negation/classifier particle) (Case 3) [...] , RU (given/deposited) — KI (place/locative) (Case 4) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 5) , URU (city/settlement) (Case 6) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 7) 1(N14) 7(N01) [...] , x [...] [numeral notation: one N14-unit, seven N01-units] (Case 8) [...] , [...] [broken]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/05

(Column entry 1) [...] , [...] (Column entry 2) 1(N50) 5(N14) , ERIM~a (workers/laborers) KUR~a (highland/foreign-land designation) U2~b (fodder/plant material) [...] (Column entry 3) 4(N14) 5(N01) , [...] (Column entry 4) [...] , [...] (Column entry 5) 3(N34) 5(N01) , UDU~a (sheep/small livestock) (Column entry 6) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/07

(Case 1) 4(N14) 1(N01) — barley(SZE), [commodity/ration], SAG, RAD. (Case 2) [...] , [...] (Case 3) 9(N14) — |3(N57).E2(b)|, KITI. (Case 4) 6(N14) 2(N01) — |E2(a)×3(N58)|, ZATU795, LAM(b). (Case 5) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39a) 1(N24) — [...] X. (Case 6) [...] , [...] X.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/08

(Obverse) 1. 3(N14) , SU~a, PAP~a 2. 4(N01) [...], [broken sign] [...] 3. 4(N01) , [2 unidentified signs] 4. 1(N01) , SZA 5. 1(N01) , DI 6. 1(N01) , [sign, broken] 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] (broken) 8. [...] , [...] (broken) (Reverse / final line) 9. 1(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) , |(UDU~axTAR)~a| TAK4~a [sign] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/10

[...] , [...] [...] 1(N01), UTUA~a 1(N14) 7(N01), NUN~b 7(N01), rams (UDUNITA~a) 9(N01), goats (MASZ2) (entry:) barley-NAM2 (ŠE~a.NAM2) 3(N01), sheep (UDU~a) (blank / case divider) 5(N14) 1(N01), [...] LAGAB~a, DUB~a [...] , [...] X 3(N01), BAR

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/14

[...], [...] 1 (unit) — oil(?), wood/wood-product 1 (unit) — ZATU694-sign, beer [...], [...] beer, X 2 (units) — highland/foreign(-designated), fodder/plant material, copper, copper 2 (units) — X, [...] [...], [...] 1 (unit) [...], [...] 3 (units) — workers/men, lion(-product?) 1 (unit) [...], X [...] [...], [...] mouth/gate(?) [...], [...] 3 (units, N57-system) — house/institution (E2)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/17

[...], [...] 2 (units) ewes (U8) 2 (tens) 2 (units) she-goats (UD5~a) 1 (unit) UTUA~a (commodity uncertain) 6 (units) [of] NUN~b (grade/category) 1 (unit) ram (UDUNITA~a, male sheep) 1 (unit) goat (MASZ2) [3 (tens)] 3 (units), sheep (UDU~a) [...], hand of the ox (ŠU GU4) , KU~b1(fish/food sign), MUNSZUB~b, ox, place/locative KI [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/21

(Obverse) 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] 3. [...] , [...] SI (horn?) — LU2 (man) 4. 1 — MAR-vessel(?), "I" 5. 1 — ŠIR-vessel: NI (oil/fat?) 6. [...] , [...] ... AN 7. [...] , [...] 8. , [...] 9. [...] 2 — NUN (category/quality marker) 10. [...] 1 — UDU.NITA (male sheep, ram) 11. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 12. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 13. [...] 2 (large-unit count) — [...] 14. [...] 2 — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/23

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] , [...] IB [...] URI 3(N01) , [...] [x] [...] , [...] 1(N57) BA [x] SIG 2(N01) , [x] 1(N01) [...] , NUN(?) [...] [...] , [...] DA 1(N01) , U2 NUNUZ , NAM2 KAB [...] , [...] IB [...] , [...] [x] [...] , [...] [x] NI MA [...] , [...] A(?) GA2(?) [...] [...] , [...] (remainder broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/27

(Obverse) [...] 1(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01), dependent-workers/Šubur(-people) — RAD(sign, damaged) [...] 7(N01), purchase/exchange(?) 1(N01), house/institution(E2) — KI(place/locative, damaged) [...] (Reverse, following break) [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...] AL(sign, damaged) 2(N57), salt(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/28

(Obverse) [...] , [...] , 2(N57) PA~a UR3~b2 [...] , [...] , 1(N57) PAP~a SU~a 7(N01) , BA 6(N01) , GI [5(N01)] , [KALAM~b] 1(N14) 8(N01) , [...] DU TE [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2868

1. 8 (units, N34-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — barley-NAM2 (ŠE.NAM2, compound sign) 2. 8 (units, N34-count): GA-sign — GAL (“large/great”) 3. 3 (units, N34-count): NAM2 — PA — RAD — [...] (sign(s) broken/lost) 4. 2 (units, N34-count): DI — RAD 5. 1 (unit, N34-count): GIR3 (“foot”-sign) 6. 4 (units, N14-count) “egg”-sign (NUNUZ); 3 (units, N57-count): EN2.E2 (compound sign) 7. 1 (unit, N01-count): EŠDA 8. 2 (units, N48-count), 2 (units, N34-count), 4 (units, N14-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — NE 9. (no numeral given): SANGA — TE — RAD

Economy

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