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A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

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Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 4 / 79

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/09

(obverse, single column; each entry: numeral , commodity/sign) 1. [...] , [...] NI (oil/fat?) 2. [...] , [...] 3. 2 , IŠ (function undetermined) 4. 2 , ... [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. 1 , GIR3 7. 1 , U2 (fodder/plant?) GIR3-gunû 8. 2 [...] , [...] NI (oil/fat?) 9. 1 , deficit(?): textile(?) 10. 1 , NE [...] 11. 6 , ... [...] 12. 2 , ... [...] 13. [...] , [...] 14. [...] , [...] ŠE.NAM2 (grain category), SAG (head/first?) 15. [...] , [...] (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

Achaemenid Persian

MS 2782/10

1. [...] , [...] ... (traces) 2. ...... , (the) Tigris, ME, ..., fish, RAD, great [...] 3. [...] , [...] ... (traces) 4. [...] , [...] 5. ...... , AN, UR5, water(?), 3 (N57-strokes), NAM2, DI, 1 (N57-stroke), allotted (BA) 6. [...] , [...] 7. [...] , [...] 8. 10 (N14) , [item lost] 9. 10 (N14) + 2 (N01)(?) , [item lost] 10. 6 (N01) , [item lost] 11. [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/12

Obverse 1. [...] 1 (unit) ... [...] 2. 1 (unit), NIM ... [...] 3. [...] 2 (units), black ... [...] 4. [...] ... AN ... [...] 5. 1 (unit), the house/storehouse(?) ... [...] 6. [...] ... [...] (rest of the fragment broken; the reverse is uninscribed as photographed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/13

(Obverse; all cases broken at left) 1. [...] , [...] ... (illegible sign) 2. [...] , [...] NUNUZ (egg/roe?) — SANGA (temple administrator?) 3. [...] , [...] ... (illegible sign) 4. 3 (units) , [...] ... NI (oil/fat?) — small(?) 5. [...] , [...] (entirely lost) 6. [...] , [...] URU (settlement/city) (rest destroyed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/14

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] 2. 2 (units): the storehouse (E2) — delivery (DU) — male workers (ERIM); 3. [...] : ... [...] 4. [...] : [...] TAK4 ... ...; 5. 1 (unit): [...]; 6. [...] : [...] ...; 7. 4 (units) [...] : the EN (lord/priest-ruler), TE [...]. (The reverse is uninscribed apart from faint traces; the rest of the obverse entries are broken away.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/15

1. [...] : wool, 2. 1 : garment, 3. 1 : linen, 4. 1 : [...], 5. 4 [...] : [...], 6. 2 : linen, 7. 1 [...] : 1 (unit) fine/female [BAR], 8. [...] : GIR3, the temple administrator (SANGA) [...], 9. [...] : [...] ... BAR(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/16

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] |LAGAB×SI| (uncertain reading) 3(N01) , honey/syrup (LAL2~a) — GI (reed-measure) 2(N01) , 4(N57) [ZATU759-sign] — storehouse (E2) 2(N01) , NI~a — small/TUR 1(N01) , ISZ~b — BU~a 1(N14) 3(N08) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2843

4(N01), U8 (ewes) 7(N01), UD5~a (she-goats) 1(N14) 1(N01), UTUA~a (commodity: 11) 1(N14) 6(N01), UDUNITA~a (rams/male sheep: 16) 1(N14) 1(N01), NUN~b (qualifier category: 11) 3(N14)# 8(N01), MASZ2 (goats: 38, numeral partly damaged) 1(N34) 2(N14) 7(N01), UDU~a 1(N57) BA (sheep, total: disbursed/allotted) ,

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/01

Obverse 1. 2 (units) — the SANGA (temple administrator/official), RAD (commodity/designation) 2. [...] — [...] 3. 1 (unit) — NA₂, the AB (cattle-stall/institution) 4. 2 (units) — the E₂ (household/storehouse), the PA (overseer/category mark) 5. [...] — [...] Reverse 6. [...] — [...], GIR₃-gunû, Šubur, SIG, RAD (closing/total entry)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/02

Obverse 1. [...] , [...] SAG (head / person?) ... [...] 2. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces) 3. [...] , [...] ... (sign traces) 4. [...] 4(N01) , [...] 5. 5(N01) , ... TUR (small?) [...] 6. (quantity lost) , SI (horn?), U8xTAR (a ewe-sign compound; a sheep-product or animal category), AL (hoe / agricultural category?) 7. [...] , [...] the SANGA (temple administrator?), TE, RAD [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/05

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] 3(N01) X [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/09

(Obverse) Column i 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] x 3. [...] 1(N50) 4(N45) [...] , [...] 4. 1(N63) 1(N50) 4(N48) 7(N34) [...] , x [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. [...] , [...] (Remainder of tablet — edges and reverse shown in photograph — uninscribed or bearing no legible signs beyond the numerical impressions noted above.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/16

[...] , [...] ... [...] , [...] house/institution (E2) [...] , ... AN GUB3 ("left/standing") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) 1(N04) AN ... , TE SZUBUR (dependent workers?) 1(N01) , GUG2 NI (oil/fat pouch?) [...] , [...] 1(N01) , interior/contents (ŠA3) [...] 1(N01) , AN SAGSZU ("persons in hand/under authority") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) bird (MUŠEN) goat/interest (MAŠ) AN NI 1(N01) , AN NI ... [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/17

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] storehouse(?) (E2~a) X [...] , [...] [...] , X AN, egg/roe(?) (NUNUZ~a0) 1 (unit) , MAR(~a) NI(~a) 1 (unit) , KA(~a) A [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , [...] given/deposited(?) (RU) 1 (unit) , NI(~a) A 1 (unit) , KU(~b1) AN [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/02

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] (broken) Line 2: [...] , UTUA~a (broken count — commodity: UTUA~a) Line 3: 1(N14) , UDUNITA~a — "1 (unit N14): male sheep (ram)" Line 4: 2(N14) 7(N01) , NUN~b# — "2 (units N14) + 7 (units N01): NUN~b (category/grade)" Line 5: [...] SIG# RAD~a# — broken; then SIG, then RAD~a Line 6: 1(N34)# 2(N14)# [...] , [...] UDU~a [...] — "1 (unit N34) + 2 (units N14) [...]: [...] sheep [...]"

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/03

[...] , [...] 2(N01) , LAL2~a NE~a 3(N01) , [broken sign] [...] [...] , [...] [(no entry)] , [...] [...] 1(N34) 2(N14) 3(N01) , [...] URU~a1 ("settlement") BU~a PA~a [...] , [...] A ("water") [...] , [...] AN [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] APIN~b ("plow") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a U4 ("day/sun") [...] , [...] [broken sign] PAP~a SAL ("woman") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a MA ("boat/vessel") [...] , [...] [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] [broken sign] [...] , [...] [broken sign]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/04

(Case 1) [...] , [...] x [broken] (Case 2) [...] , [...] x SZUBUR (dependent-workers/Subarians) — EN (lord/high official) — ZATU624 [sign uncertain, damaged] — NU (negation/classifier particle) (Case 3) [...] , RU (given/deposited) — KI (place/locative) (Case 4) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 5) , URU (city/settlement) (Case 6) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 7) 1(N14) 7(N01) [...] , x [...] [numeral notation: one N14-unit, seven N01-units] (Case 8) [...] , [...] [broken]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/05

(Column entry 1) [...] , [...] (Column entry 2) 1(N50) 5(N14) , ERIM~a (workers/laborers) KUR~a (highland/foreign-land designation) U2~b (fodder/plant material) [...] (Column entry 3) 4(N14) 5(N01) , [...] (Column entry 4) [...] , [...] (Column entry 5) 3(N34) 5(N01) , UDU~a (sheep/small livestock) (Column entry 6) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/07

(Case 1) 4(N14) 1(N01) — barley(SZE), [commodity/ration], SAG, RAD. (Case 2) [...] , [...] (Case 3) 9(N14) — |3(N57).E2(b)|, KITI. (Case 4) 6(N14) 2(N01) — |E2(a)×3(N58)|, ZATU795, LAM(b). (Case 5) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39a) 1(N24) — [...] X. (Case 6) [...] , [...] X.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/08

(Obverse) 1. 3(N14) , SU~a, PAP~a 2. 4(N01) [...], [broken sign] [...] 3. 4(N01) , [2 unidentified signs] 4. 1(N01) , SZA 5. 1(N01) , DI 6. 1(N01) , [sign, broken] 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] (broken) 8. [...] , [...] (broken) (Reverse / final line) 9. 1(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) , |(UDU~axTAR)~a| TAK4~a [sign] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/10

[...] , [...] [...] 1(N01), UTUA~a 1(N14) 7(N01), NUN~b 7(N01), rams (UDUNITA~a) 9(N01), goats (MASZ2) (entry:) barley-NAM2 (ŠE~a.NAM2) 3(N01), sheep (UDU~a) (blank / case divider) 5(N14) 1(N01), [...] LAGAB~a, DUB~a [...] , [...] X 3(N01), BAR

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/14

[...], [...] 1 (unit) — oil(?), wood/wood-product 1 (unit) — ZATU694-sign, beer [...], [...] beer, X 2 (units) — highland/foreign(-designated), fodder/plant material, copper, copper 2 (units) — X, [...] [...], [...] 1 (unit) [...], [...] 3 (units) — workers/men, lion(-product?) 1 (unit) [...], X [...] [...], [...] mouth/gate(?) [...], [...] 3 (units, N57-system) — house/institution (E2)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/17

[...], [...] 2 (units) ewes (U8) 2 (tens) 2 (units) she-goats (UD5~a) 1 (unit) UTUA~a (commodity uncertain) 6 (units) [of] NUN~b (grade/category) 1 (unit) ram (UDUNITA~a, male sheep) 1 (unit) goat (MASZ2) [3 (tens)] 3 (units), sheep (UDU~a) [...], hand of the ox (ŠU GU4) , KU~b1(fish/food sign), MUNSZUB~b, ox, place/locative KI [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/21

(Obverse) 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] 3. [...] , [...] SI (horn?) — LU2 (man) 4. 1 — MAR-vessel(?), "I" 5. 1 — ŠIR-vessel: NI (oil/fat?) 6. [...] , [...] ... AN 7. [...] , [...] 8. , [...] 9. [...] 2 — NUN (category/quality marker) 10. [...] 1 — UDU.NITA (male sheep, ram) 11. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 12. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 13. [...] 2 (large-unit count) — [...] 14. [...] 2 — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/23

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] , [...] IB [...] URI 3(N01) , [...] [x] [...] , [...] 1(N57) BA [x] SIG 2(N01) , [x] 1(N01) [...] , NUN(?) [...] [...] , [...] DA 1(N01) , U2 NUNUZ , NAM2 KAB [...] , [...] IB [...] , [...] [x] [...] , [...] [x] NI MA [...] , [...] A(?) GA2(?) [...] [...] , [...] (remainder broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/27

(Obverse) [...] 1(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01), dependent-workers/Šubur(-people) — RAD(sign, damaged) [...] 7(N01), purchase/exchange(?) 1(N01), house/institution(E2) — KI(place/locative, damaged) [...] (Reverse, following break) [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...] AL(sign, damaged) 2(N57), salt(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/28

(Obverse) [...] , [...] , 2(N57) PA~a UR3~b2 [...] , [...] , 1(N57) PAP~a SU~a 7(N01) , BA 6(N01) , GI [5(N01)] , [KALAM~b] 1(N14) 8(N01) , [...] DU TE [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2868

1. 8 (units, N34-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — barley-NAM2 (ŠE.NAM2, compound sign) 2. 8 (units, N34-count): GA-sign — GAL (“large/great”) 3. 3 (units, N34-count): NAM2 — PA — RAD — [...] (sign(s) broken/lost) 4. 2 (units, N34-count): DI — RAD 5. 1 (unit, N34-count): GIR3 (“foot”-sign) 6. 4 (units, N14-count) “egg”-sign (NUNUZ); 3 (units, N57-count): EN2.E2 (compound sign) 7. 1 (unit, N01-count): EŠDA 8. 2 (units, N48-count), 2 (units, N34-count), 4 (units, N14-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — NE 9. (no numeral given): SANGA — TE — RAD

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/01

1. 1 (unit): PIRIG (lion / lion-product) — UDU (sheep) — E2 (house/institution) — PAP (supervisor/total marker) SU 2. [...] : [...] 3. [...] : [...] 4. 1 (unit): PAP SU 5. 1 (unit): ERIM (workmen/male laborers) 6. (no quantity preserved): PAP SU 7. [...] : [...] 8. 4 (units): NE (fire/fuel[-related commodity]) KI (place/locative) 9. 7 (units): BU (plant / disbursement[?]) KI (place/locative) 10. 6 (units): TUR (small/junior category) NI (oil/fat[?]) 11. [...] : [...] SZE (barley)#? 12. [...] : [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/03

[...] , storehouse (GA₂): barley, fodder-plant [...] 1(N01) , AN, workers (ERIM), lion(-product) (PIRIG) [...] 1(N01) , fish (KU₆), workers (ERIM), goat/interest (MAŠ) [...] , workers (ERIM), lion(-product) (PIRIG) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] , goat/interest (MAŠ), place/KI [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/04

1. 9(N01) units, [...] RU (given/deposited?) 2. 3(N01) units, MAR~a — DA~a — AN 3. 3(N01) units [...], [illegible sign] [illegible sign] [...] 4. [...] 2(N01) units, [illegible sign] [...] 5. 1(N01) unit [...], [...] 6. [...], [...] 1(N57 unit) BA (disbursed?) [...] 7. [...], [illegible sign] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/05

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] — [...] [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] SA(?) [...] — [...] X [...] — [...] [...] — [...] 3 (units) — NA, deposited/given (RU), musician (NAR) 1 (unit) — ZATU823 (sign of unknown reading) 1 (unit) — NI, fish (KU6), NA(~b) 1 (unit) — MAR (boat/container?), X [...] [...] — [...] [...] — male sheep / ram (UDUNITA) [...] — NUN (marker) [...] 1 (unit) — goat (MAŠ2)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/06

(Fragmentary tablet; text preserved only in isolated cases across multiple broken lines) 1. [...], [...] 2. [...], [...] she-goat(s) (UD5) 3. [...], [...] ram(s) (UDUNITA) 4. [...], [...] 5. [...] 1(N01), [...] (illegible sign) 6. [...], settlement/city (URU) — person/worker (LU2) 7. 1(N01), UTUA (oven/heated-vessel category, commodity unclear) 8. 3(N01), ram(s) (UDUNITA) 9. 2(N01), NUN (qualifier/category marker, meaning uncertain) 10. [...] 1(N01), [...] 11. [...], [...] 12. [...], [...] 13. [...], [...] 14. [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/08

[...], [...] 1(N01), SU — PIRIG — EN — U2 [...], NUNUZ — NI [...] 1(N01), ... DA ... [...] 1(N01), ... [...] 1(N01), ... [...] [...], [...] [...], [...] [...], [...] [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2869/09 + MS 2869/10

[...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N57) salt (MUN) 2(N01) , builder/mason (ŠIDIM) [...] 1(N01) , vizier/minister (SUKKAL) [...] 1(N01) , [sign undetermined] [...] 5(N01) [...] , [...] 3(N14) [sign undetermined] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/15

(Case) [...], [...] wool (SIG2~b?) (Case) [...], [...] received/into-the-hand-of (ŠU2?) (Case) [...], [...] (Case) [...], ewe (U8) (Case) [...], she-goat (UD5~a) (Case) 1(N01) [...], X (Case) [...], [...] (Case) [...], [...] (Case) 2(N01) [...], [...] (Case) [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/17

[...] , [...] (illegible sign) [...] , [...] cloth/garment (TUG₂) [...] , [...] (illegible sign), workers/men (ERIM) [...] , [...] (broken) [...] 1 (unit) , [...] (illegible sign) 2 (unit) , BAN-measure [...] , [...] (broken) [...] , [...] (broken) [...] , [...] (broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/18

(Line 1) [...], [...] (Line 2) 1(N14) 4(N01), [...] (Line 3) 1(N14) 4(N01), male sheep (UDUNITA) (Line 4) [...], NUN(-marked entry) (Line 5) [...], [...] (Line 6) [...] 2(N34) 5(N14) 5(N01), [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/19

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , X [sign(s) illegible] , plow(-team) [APIN] 2(N01) [numeral 'two'] , plow(-team) [APIN] X [sign illegible] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , AN [sky/divine marker?] bird [MUŠEN] A [sign, uncertain] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , sheep [UDU] X X [signs illegible] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , NI [oil/fat?] X SA [sign, commodity?] , [...] [...] 2(N01) [numeral 'two'] , [...] , [...] [...] 1(N01) [numeral 'one'] , [...] , HI [qualifier, 'mixed'?] plow(-team) [APIN] BA [disbursed/allotted] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/22

1. 4(N01) , [...] 2. 3(N01) , [...] 3. [...] , [...] 4. 2(N01) , [...] 5. 5(N01)(?) , [...] ... 6. 3(N01) , ... ERIM (workers/men) 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] ... 8. [...] , [...] 9. , SIG ... [...] 10. [...] , [...] 11. 1(N14) 6(N01) [...] , MASZ2 (kid/goat) 12. [...] , [...] SAL (woman) E PAP

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/23

(Case 1) [...] , [...] (Case 2) [...] , SZITA~a1(?) SI (Case 3) [...] , X SAGSZU (Case 4) [...] , [...] AL (Case 5) [...] , [...] (Case 6) [...] 1(N01) , SZU X (Case 7) 1(N01) , KA~a KASZ~c MA (Case 8) 2(N01) , KASZ~c MA [...] (Case 9) 2(N01) , AN [...] (Case 10) [...] , [...] (Case 11) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/25

[...] , [...] 1(N01) — EN(?) [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01)# , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] (closing line): AB(-enclosure) — NUNUZ(-egg/seed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/28

(Column/line 1) [...] , [...] 2(N01) , X SAL [...] 1(N01) , ZATU628~b [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] , APIN~a GIR3~c ZATU839 [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/29

(Obverse) [...], [...] [...], [...] X [...] 1(N01), KU~b1 NI~a [...], [...] [...] 1(N01), [...] 2(N01), X [...] 1(N01), X [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/31

[...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] [...] 1(N14) 3(N01) , [...] PAP~a X X MUN~a1(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/32

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X 1(N01) [...] , X [...] [...] , [...] [...] , X [...] [...] , ZATU628 [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] AB TE [...] , [...] TUM [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/34

1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] 1(N01) , GI6 GU4 KASZ(?) ŠA3 — "[...], 1 unit: night/black(?), ox, beer(?), interior/contents" 3. [...] , [...] DU NI — "[...], ..., brought/delivered, oil(?)" 4. [...] , [...] X — "[...], ..., [illegible sign]" 5. 1(N01) , SAGSZU AN — "1 unit: total-in-hand(?) of AN" 6. [...] , [...] 7. [...] , [...] UD5(?) [...] — "[...], ..., she-goat(?), [...]"

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2900/36

(Line 1) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 2) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 3) [...], [...] GAN₂ (field-area unit)? (broken) (Line 4) 1(N01) [one unit], [...] X (sign broken/illegible) (Line 5) 1(N01), DUG~b×X (a jar-sign compound, vessel type uncertain) [...] (Line 6) 1(N01)?, X (sign broken/illegible) [...] (Line 7) [...], [...] (entirely broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2964

1. 1(N45) 5(N34) , grain (ŠE₃) 2. 1(N45) 3(N48) 3(N34) 5(N14) , commodity-sign ZATU837~a (undeciphered) 3. 1(N48) 8(N34) 3(N14) 6(N01) , commodity-sign ZATU837~b (undeciphered) 4. 1(N48) 8(N34) 1(N14) 2(N01) , grain (ŠE₃) 5. 3(N45) 1(N48) 5(N34) 4(N14) , [total / final entry, commodity not specified]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2997

(Line 1) [...] , [...] (Line 2) SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — EN (lord/high official) — TE (uncertain category) (Line 3) [...] , [...] (Line 4) 1(N01): SI (horn?) — KU — PA (overseer) — E2 (house/estate) (Line 5) 1(N01): SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — GI (reed?) — IN — AN (sky/divine marker) — PA (overseer) (Line 6) KALAM (land/country) — PA (overseer) — BU (Line 7) 1(N01): SI (horn?) — LAGAB — AN (sky/divine marker) — SAG (head) — GI (reed?) (Line 8) [...] , [...] (Line 9) 4(N14): SI4 (reddish/processed commodity) — EN (lord/high official) — RAD (uncertain)@g [...]

Economy

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