Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

3,056 of 102,257 tablets · 6 filters activeClear filters

1051–1100 of 3056

Page 22 / 62

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 096

5(geš₂@c) 3(aš@c) 2(barig@c) barley, gur-saĝŋal (the 'big-head'/standard gur measure) barley of the field Duab'u ("mound of Abu") Ur-šerda, the overseer (ugula) — returned into hand (repaid). Šubur, the manager (nubanda), e-bala: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 098

1(gešʼu) 1(u) 4(aš) [i.e. 74] gur saggal barley: it is the first bala(-installment). 4(geš2) 1(u) 1(aš) la2 2(ban2) [i.e. 251 gur minus 2 ban2] — it is the second bala(-installment). Inim-du, the overseer, from the field 'Good, Small' (GAN2 sa6-ga tur), (via) Šubur, the manager (nu-banda3), transferred to him: 1.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 099

Deficit: [x +] 2 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 barley, by the gur-saggal ("head"-gur) standard — Ur-šedalumma, the Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3). The barley was transferred (as an outstanding debt); the tablet (record) was carried over with it. It was placed on his account (debt-ledger): 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 100

147 gur barley (saggal-measure) — Lumma-šatam, the overseer; barley from the good, small field — Šubur, the manager (nu-banda3): he transferred (it) to him: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 101

2(gur) 2(barig) barley, standing ration (gur, sag-gal measure) — for Lugal-ra, son of U'uda. 1(gur) less 4(ban2) barley, standing ration — (for) Ur-nu, the digger-man. (The) diggers, (under) the chief of the troop (gal-UN). Inim-Enlila-andab (has taken charge / received). 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 107

1 gur (standard measure) minus 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Inim-Enlil. 1 gur minus 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Nin-girsu-lu-mu. 1 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Ur-pu. 1 barig barley, (as) silver-interest disbursement — Amar-ezem. Total: 3 gur 2 barig 2 ban2 barley, standing (allocated), standard gur (gur saggal). Inim-Enlila received (it). 6 (numeral notation, |AŠxDIŠ@t|; function uncertain).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 112

3 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the sag-gal ("head/chief") measure — barley standing (outstanding, i.e. on loan); 2 barig barley — its silver-interest — has been repaid. Ur-Baba, the ox-driver. 6 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley standing (outstanding); 3 barig barley — its silver-interest — has been repaid. Ur-Emush, the chief merchant. Inim-Enlila-andab: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 113

3 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the main (gur-saggal) measure — barley on deposit (standing barley). 2 barig barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) Enki, the courier. 3 barig barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) E-ida-diri, the farmer, the overseer. 1 gur barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) Ur-mud, the leatherworker. Total: 5 gur 2 barig 2 ban2, by the main (gur-saggal) measure, barley on deposit (standing barley). Inim-Enlila-andab, 5 (tally-mark/account notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 114

2 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (standard) measure — standing/outstanding barley. 1 gur barley-silver, its interest, was paid out (i3-su3) — (for) Gu-sikisal, the sukkal (minister/envoy). 1 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley — standing/outstanding barley. 1 barig barley-silver, its interest, was paid out — (for) Lugal-surx-ra-sa6, the ugula (overseer). Total: 5 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 barley, gur-saggal measure. Inim-Enlila-andab, 2 (units).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 115

2 gur-saggal, 1 barig, 2 ban2 of barley — standing (fixed) grain, [in] gur-saggal [measure]. 1 gur-saggal, 1 barig of barley — silver, interest-disbursement. Brought out (issued). Boatman. 3 (numeral, sign uncertain).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 117

1 gur saggal (measure), 2 barig, 4 ban2 of barley — barley outstanding (standing barley), (of/for) Memush. 1 (unit) barley: the interest on the silver was paid out — to KUM-tuš, the man of Lu-Baba. 1 (unit) barley: the interest on the silver was paid out — (to) Ur-Baba, the leatherworker, son of Abamu.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 118

7 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (standard/‘head’ measure) — barley outstanding (gub-ba). 1 gur barley — its interest-silver (maš-ba) was repaid (i₃-su₃). Its total (gu₂-bi): 8 gur 1 barig 2 ban₂ barley outstanding. 1 gur barley — its interest-silver was repaid. Ur-igi, son of En-kisal-si. 3 gur 1 barig 2 ban₂ barley outstanding. 2 barig barley — its interest-silver was repaid. Il, Gal-UN. Total: 21 gur 2 barig 4 ban₂ barley, gur-saggal (standard measure) — barley outstanding. Inim-Enlila-andab, 5 (unit-marker/notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 120

1 gur 2 barig barley — as silver-interest (maš-ba): Lugal-nigani (the) fisherman. 1 gur 2 barig barley, standing (allocated/outstanding). 1 gur barley — as silver-interest — he has repaid (i₃-su₃). (This is the) account of the person (nig₂-lu₂), (by) the man of the accounting (lu₂ nig₂-ag₂).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 122

1 gur 2 barig barley, the silver interest, was paid — (for) Di-Utu. 2 gur 2 barig barley, standing (outstanding), 1 gur barley, the silver interest, was paid — (for) Lugal-me, son of Nigdu-pa'e. Inim-Enlila-andabe, 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 124

5 gur, 2 ul of barley, standing (i.e. current-stock) barley — En-ne, the fuller, (and) Inim-Enlil, the plowman — he weighed it out to him. 3 barig, 2 ban2 barley — Inim-Enlil, in the Emeszida, to Ames — he weighed it out to him. 5 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 barley, donkey fodder (consumed by donkeys) — Inim-Enlil, to Ames — he weighed it out to him.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 128

Basket-of-tablets (docket): Barley of the nig₂-en-na (the ruler's/central household's stores), [the field's] bala-a (rotation/turnover), [the granary's] bala-a (rotation/turnover) — it is at hand (in her custody). Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi₂) of Lagash. 3 (tablets, numeral sign |AŠxDIŠ@t|).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 129

Basket of tablets: Barley rations of the grown (crop) — (fields) measured by drawing out the plow-line, year: "the marsh field was plowed." It is inscribed. Sasa, wife of Uru-KA-gina (Urukagina), king of Lagash. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 132

5 ban2 of dabin-flour (coarse flour) — for Alusisa, the cook: bread was baked (set out). [......] [......] [......] he/they ate (it) together with (him/them). Bread distributed: 30 (loaves) baked; 90 (in total). Its flour is 3 ban2. The magur-boat, towed/hauled. [......] Ursag. [x x] ...... 7.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 133

[x (measure)] of dabin-flour, for the aga-us2 troops (guardsmen), in the palace, with the ox, they consumed (it). From the house, the cook — its maszkim (overseer) (was so-and-so) — 5(asz@c) gur-saggal of barley, [...] from the palace, for those who are erx-ing (going/coming, i.e. in transit), they consumed (it).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 135

[Bread — allotted]/[x measure, opened(?)]: 20 (units). 3 ban2 emmer (wheat). [x] dabin (barley groats) [...] Ur-sag (recipient). Its responsible official (maszkim-bi). 2 barig, 4 ban2 dabin (barley groats). Lugal-ša. Man of Unug. He received (it) (šu ba-ti). Šeš-lu-du10, the cupbearer (sagi). Its responsible official (maszkim-bi). 8 (total, complex numeral sign |ASZxDISZ@t|).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 136

1 ban dabin-flour (fine flour) — allotted; 30 (units) released/measured out (ba-an-ne2 ... du8-am6). Ur-ninsaga — its commissioner (maškim) is (named, but not further specified here). 2 ban dabin-flour — allotted; 30 (units) released/measured out (ba-an-ne2 ... du8-am6). [...] Ur-nin-[PA] (name broken) — 1 ban dabin-flour [...] (break) 3 ban dabin-flour, (from) the storehouse (é-níg-gur11-ra), from the house — the cook brought (it) (ba-de6).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 137

[x] gur-saggal (measure) of dabin-flour: Ur-ku3, (and) Su-si — they received (it) (šu ba-ti). 1 ban2 (measure): Me-[an]-ne2-si, the fuller (tug2-du8) — he received (it) (šu ba-ti). 3 ban2 of dabin-flour: the aga3-us2 (gendarmes/soldiers), in the palace (e2-gal-la), ate/consumed (i3-gu7) (it). Total: 9.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 138

1 gur-saggal (and) 4 ban2 — salt, by gu2-weight, (in) gur-saggal (measure). Goods/property of [...] 1 [...] [...] [...] [...] from/with beer [...] Lugal-[...]-na [...] [...] [...] place (ki) [...] it was received/delivered (i3-kux/DU). It was returned (e-ma-gi4). It was left/deposited at the place (ki-a mu-da-tak4): 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 139

5 (gur) 1 barig pure onions/garlic, the large gur-measure (gur-saggal), from the delivery-place, the field of Abu'uka, Enigal, the manager, had it dug out (harvested); U2-U2, the foreman, delivered it to him. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 142

1. 1 gur, 1 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 2. 1 gur, 1 barig of oven-bread (hot bread). 3. Its exchanged barley: 1 barig, 4 ban2. 4. The 1st (installment) was delivered. 5. 3 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 6. 1 barig of oven-bread. 7. Its exchanged barley: 4 ban2. 8. The 2nd (installment) was delivered. 9. 3 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 10. 1 barig, 2 ban2 of oven-bread. 11. Its exchanged barley: 2 ban2. 12. The 3rd (installment) was delivered. 13. 4 ban2 of ground malt/groats — fine beer.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 150

1 sheep, bar-nigin2 (portion/category) — (for) Ningirsu. 1 sheep, bar-nigin2 — (for) Baba. At the malt-eating festival of Ningirsu: Sasage — allotted (it) (lit. "struck the wood"). Sheep consumed. Ur-du6, the chief herdsman (šuš3) — total: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 159

12 male sheep, (as a) maš-da-re-a offering — it belongs to (i.e., is destined for) the ki-a-nag (the libation-place, the offering-place for the dead). Ur-sag, the shepherd — (to him) Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash, set (it) at the full measure (za3 bi2-šu4), (and) gave (it) to him. 1 (docket/count notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 167

1 sheep — mašdaria-offering. [...] [wife of ...] Baranamtara. Month: "Festival of Baba." To the Women's Household it was delivered. Enku, the fattener, brought (it); 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 168

[...] ... (broken) [maš-da]-re-a ("mašdaria"-offering): [Nin]-bur, wife of the rope-stretcher (surveyor), (for) Bara-namtara. Month: "Sheep-shearing" (iti ga₂-udu-ur₄-ra). Was delivered to her. En-ku₃, the fattener — carried (it): 2 (head).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 171

3 ewes, 2 female li-lambs, 6 male li-lambs, 2(?) kids, (under) Ur-igi, the overseer; month: "Festival of Barley-eating"; (of) Ningirsu, (at) Ka-sura (the gate); Ur-nigar, to the shepherd, he gave (them). 6 (total, in the sealed-count notation)

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 172

1 shorn male lamb — mašdaria-offering, portioned out (hal-hal), (for) the wife of Enigal, the overseer: Bara-[namtar]a. Month: "Festival of malt-eating." Lugal-urukaka — into the women's household it was delivered to her. Enku, the fattener, carried (it) off: 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 177

660 ewes — excluding the lambs; 24 oxen — excluding the cows; 16 donkeys. Its total (gu2-bi). Na-e-a, Lugal-mu, by his word/statement (du11-ga-na). The scribe repeated (verified/reissued) (it) (mu-gi4-a). ba-ra (obscure). Sealed: 4 (he2-su 4).

Daily Life·Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 178

1 kid (goat) — Lugal-ki. 1 kid (goat) — En-udana. Month: “Festival of Baba.” Delivered/for(?) Ur-igi-ama, the overseer, (of) the house of the man of the measuring-rope (the surveyor's house). Returned/restored into hand. Ur-nigar. Disbursed: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 180

[...] the enku-official, the second (entry/follow-up) 1 kid (goat): Ur-pasira. [...] the enku-official [...] Ur-Ebabbar, month: "Festival of Malt-Eating," of Ningirsu — gave/delivered [...] Ur-[igi-ama-she], [the overseer], set (it) to the total. Ur-nigar. Disbursed: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 187

10 large goats, goats that came out from the field — it is the field 'Erected-Standard' (GAN2-uri3-ru2-a) — (under) En-ig-gal, the overseer: in the month of the festival of [Lisina], the boundary/term was reached (completed). Ur-gešbar'e, the goat-herder, was given (them) / it was disbursed. Goats, the property of Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 190

3 nanny-goats — (reported) lost, (which) turned up: it concerns the sheep(-flock). Inspection of the sheep(-flock): Munina-game(?), the fattener — for him, En-iggal, the overseer, set the boundary (i.e. settled/verified the account); it was returned into his hand. (Under the authority of) Baranamtarra, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 200

1 mule-foal (dur3-kunga2), a broken-in donkey (ansze dun-a) — (belonging to) Girnun, the courier (gab2-kas4). After the inspection (egir4 gurum2-ma-ta), (by/to) Inimanizi, the plowman (sag-apin), it was placed/assigned (ba-gar). (Under) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash: year 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 201

1 (unit): 1 female donkey (eme₃) of the szagan-class (herd) Ur-dumuzi, the herder of the nanny-goats (ud₅) — the outstanding/deficit goats (ud₅ la₂-a) he brought to [...]. En-iggal, the overseer, set the boundary (i.e., settled/confirmed the account). To En-ku, the herder of the szagan(-donkeys), he gave (it). [Bara-namtara], wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi₂) of Lagash [...].

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 202

2 female donkeys (jennies), Šulgi-type — Lugalanda, ruler of Lagaš, to Geme-Nanše allotted (gave). Month: 'Festival of the king of Urub.' En-iggal, the overseer, took (them) in charge (placed at the boundary/in his keeping). En-ku, herdsman of šaganx-donkeys, was given: 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 205

Basket-of-tablets: donkeys, šaganₓ(AMA)-class, inspected (gurum₂) and counted (šid-da); donkey foals (dumu-dumu-ne), being present (e-da-gal₂, i.e. included in the count). (Archive of) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi₂) of Lagaš. 6 (tablets).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 209

1 ox — a young, thin calf — (as) mašdaria-offering (of): Ur-šugalama, the chief cupbearer (sagi-mah), for Baranamtara, daughter of Ituda, he delivered. Month: "Festival of Baba." Eniggal, the overseer (nubanda), verified (it) at the boundary (za3 bi2-šu4). Ur-dumuzi, herdsman of the reared calves — it was placed (in his charge). 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 210

18 large oxen — broken-in/trained oxen. Ur-Enki is the chief plowman (sag-apin). After the inspection, (oxen) verified as accounted for ("having heads") were yoked. Oxen of the (private) herd — (of) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, governor of Lagash. 1 (unit/entry) — Broad tablet: not to be extracted (elsewhere).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 215

Basket-of-tablets: Cows, inspected (and) counted (records), (of) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash; cows, inspected (and) counted (records), of the children (young stock); present/on hand: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 217

[...] was brought/delivered to him. Month: festival of Baba. Enigal, the overseer, set/completed the boundary (za3 bi2-šu4, i.e. closed out the account). For Ur-igi-ama, the herdsman of donkeys, it was allotted (ba-gar): 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 218

1(aš) female ... (gir), a thin/young calf (amar sig) — Utu-lu-saga, son of Ga'eš, to the ensi2 (ruler) brought (delivered it). Month: "Festival of Malt-Eating" of Ningirsu. The ensi2 [gave] Geme-[Tarsir]sira, daughter of Enaba, into marriage, to the cowherd (unu3) she was given/brought. 2(|AŠxDIŠ@t|)

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 219

1 female gir-animal, 2 years old, mashdaria-offering, (under) the sanga (temple administrator) of the E-babbar temple — month: "Festival of Baba." Sasage, A-en-ra-gub, son of E-naba, Uu, Igizi — with the cowherd(s), he/they brought (it); 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 221

2 sheep hides, 1 kid-goat hide — from E(-ta), (via) the cook (and) the overseer, (for) the new house. He returned (it) into his/its hand. To be placed/set at the irrigated field — Šulbi received (it). Total: 7.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 222

58 sheep hides, 2 hides of full-grown goats, sheep hides — from festival consumption, Ur-Ninpirig, the tanner, month: "Amar-ayasigeda", received. 3

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 224

54 sheep hides, 4 nanny-goat hides, 8 kid-goat hides — of regular/standard quality (šà-du10) — (from/for) Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3). Month: "Wool-rations" (iti siki-ba-ka). To Šul-binum it was counted out (delivered) — e-na-šid. 2 (tally notation: |ASZxDISZ@t|)

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 225

4 hides of sheep, 3 hides of lambs, 1 hide of a kid — the regular (delivery), from the cook(s) of the New House; month: "Festival of Barley-Eating," (festival) of Nanše; the overseer returned (it) into his hand; in the field, [to be placed/deposited], [Šulbi] [received].

1…21 22 23…62