Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

3,168 of 102,257 tablets · 6 filters activeClear filters

1001–1050 of 3168

Page 21 / 64

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 071

10 gur (main-standard measure) white emmer-wheat, 5 gur 1 barig 1 ban2 barley — of the new harvest/threshing — barley brought from the field, hauled (by sledge): it was disbursed (in exchange); received. 2 gur white emmer-wheat, its exchange-emmer: 1 barig — for the sheep, barley (and) water of Ningir[su], was carried; received. Ursag, the gal-UN (official), (and) Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3) — from the market-house (e2-ganba) he set (this) out for him. 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Achaemenid Persian

Nik 1, 072

[x] minus 4 ban2 barley — [x]-nam — gur-saggal (measure). From the house of the courtyard, it was disbursed. 3 gur barley, U2-U2 (barley/plant-type), it is the steward's. Seed-grain, ox-fodder barley, for the good small field — Nin-girsu-lu-mu, the hauling-worker (lu2-dun-a), for Inimanizi. Month: 'Festival of barley-eating,' (festival) of Ningirsu. [x x]-u2 (broken).

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 073

16 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (the large standard measure) — barley for the donkeys to eat. Year(?): [...] for Nin-[...]ki(?) — garment(s): ... garment [...] [Mesan]du(?) [...]

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 075

3 gur barley (saggal-standard measure). Barley for the oxen to eat; 'si-ga' garments (tugx). For the (surveyed) total of the field(s): Ur-Enki, the ox-herdsman — Ur-Ninpirig (in) the month 'Guranabimu' (oxen-fattening month) delivered (it) to him. Enigal, the overseer, from the storehouse of the courtyard issued (it). Total: 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 076

7 gur (saggal-standard) white emmer wheat, 1 gur gu-nida wheat, 1 barig wheat, emmer (for) seed — for the field of Du-abu ("the mound of Abu"): Inimanizi, the chief plowman — Enigal, the inspector, placed (it) for him. Barley, the yield, was allotted. Uru-KA-gina, king of Lagash. Year 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 077

10 gur, (measured in) gur-saggal, of barley — bought with silver. 2 gur(?), as a loan (ur5), fully repaid (šu-šu-še3-ga). 1 barig 4 ban2 barley — was delivered/carried (ba-de6). The dependents/junior persons (lu2 di4-di4-la) — for rations/consumption (nig2-gu7-de3) — received (it) (šu ba-ti).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 078

3 gur, 1 barig, 2 ban2 barley (measured by) the saggal (standard measure) — barley, donkey fodder (consumed by the donkeys) — for the si-ga placement of the tugx-garment — wage(-portion) of Anekura — (by) the plowman — for the small field of Girgir-Girgir — was delivered/carried: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 080

90 (gur) less 2 barig — barley, gur-saggal (standard) measure — nig-enna barley (household/state barley), it is (from) the field bordering (that of) Sal4. Šeš-ludu, overseer. (reverse) was returned/repaid (šu-a bi2-gi4). Enig-gal, the inspector (nubanda), of the market-house (e2-ganba). (check-mark/notation): i3-si — 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 081

616 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the head/standard gur — Inimdu, the overseer: returned into hand (i.e., repaid/delivered). Šubur, the manager, of the market-house (e2-ganba). Filled/complete: 1. It is barley of the Small Good Field.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 082

6(geš₂) 30 1(aš) 3(barig) barley, gur-saggal (measure) — barley of the fine [small] field. [...] (break) overseer. Returned/delivered by hand: Šubur, the manager (nu-banda₃), (at/in) the market-house (e₂-ganba). [......]

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 085

270 gur (barley), saggal-measure — it is the purchase price of wool. Ur-emush, chief merchant of the ensi (governor), to Enudana, merchant of the Emunus (Women's Household), gave (it). To Elam it was carried off. (Under) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ensi of Lagash. 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 086

12 gur (saggal-standard) barley: Lugal-inun, Dal-mušen. 2 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 (barley): Namahni, the gudu-priest. Total: 14 gur 2 barig 3 ban2 (saggal-standard) barley. Inim-Enlila'anda took charge (dab5) — 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 087

2 gur, 2 barig of muš-barley, by the gur-saggal ("head") standard measure — Baba-amadari; Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3); from the courtyard-house (e2-ki-sal4-la), he gave (it) to him. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 088

62 copper šum(-tools), for barley-harvesting (harvest/reaping). 44 allotted (ba), fitted with wood(en handles). To Ur-igi-ama — the overseer. Before Sag-de, he gave (them) to him.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 089

7 gur 2 barig emmer (saggal-standard) — Lu-zi. 7 gur 2 barig emmer — E-lu. 2 gur 2 barig emmer — TUMxGAN2-ra. 5 gur emmer — En-entarzi. 5 gur emmer — Lugalanda. Total: 32 (less 2 barig) gur emmer, saggal-standard. Therefrom: 4 gur 2 barig emmer was expended. Left in store: 23 gur emmer. En-iggal, the inspector (nu-banda3). He gave to him: 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 092

6(gur) barley, gur-saggal measure, (from) Ur-Ebabbar; 3(gur) su-ag(-barley), (they are) the overseers. As a barley loan, to Ur-igi-ama, the inspector (nu-banda3), he gave (it) [...].

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 096

5(geš₂@c) 3(aš@c) 2(barig@c) barley, gur-saĝŋal (the 'big-head'/standard gur measure) barley of the field Duab'u ("mound of Abu") Ur-šerda, the overseer (ugula) — returned into hand (repaid). Šubur, the manager (nubanda), e-bala: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 098

1(gešʼu) 1(u) 4(aš) [i.e. 74] gur saggal barley: it is the first bala(-installment). 4(geš2) 1(u) 1(aš) la2 2(ban2) [i.e. 251 gur minus 2 ban2] — it is the second bala(-installment). Inim-du, the overseer, from the field 'Good, Small' (GAN2 sa6-ga tur), (via) Šubur, the manager (nu-banda3), transferred to him: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 099

Deficit: [x +] 2 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 barley, by the gur-saggal ("head"-gur) standard — Ur-šedalumma, the Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3). The barley was transferred (as an outstanding debt); the tablet (record) was carried over with it. It was placed on his account (debt-ledger): 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 100

147 gur barley (saggal-measure) — Lumma-šatam, the overseer; barley from the good, small field — Šubur, the manager (nu-banda3): he transferred (it) to him: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 101

2(gur) 2(barig) barley, standing ration (gur, sag-gal measure) — for Lugal-ra, son of U'uda. 1(gur) less 4(ban2) barley, standing ration — (for) Ur-nu, the digger-man. (The) diggers, (under) the chief of the troop (gal-UN). Inim-Enlila-andab (has taken charge / received). 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 107

1 gur (standard measure) minus 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Inim-Enlil. 1 gur minus 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Nin-girsu-lu-mu. 1 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley, standing (allocated) — Ur-pu. 1 barig barley, (as) silver-interest disbursement — Amar-ezem. Total: 3 gur 2 barig 2 ban2 barley, standing (allocated), standard gur (gur saggal). Inim-Enlila received (it). 6 (numeral notation, |AŠxDIŠ@t|; function uncertain).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 112

3 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the sag-gal ("head/chief") measure — barley standing (outstanding, i.e. on loan); 2 barig barley — its silver-interest — has been repaid. Ur-Baba, the ox-driver. 6 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley standing (outstanding); 3 barig barley — its silver-interest — has been repaid. Ur-Emush, the chief merchant. Inim-Enlila-andab: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 113

3 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the main (gur-saggal) measure — barley on deposit (standing barley). 2 barig barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) Enki, the courier. 3 barig barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) E-ida-diri, the farmer, the overseer. 1 gur barley — the interest on silver was measured out — (to) Ur-mud, the leatherworker. Total: 5 gur 2 barig 2 ban2, by the main (gur-saggal) measure, barley on deposit (standing barley). Inim-Enlila-andab, 5 (tally-mark/account notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 114

2 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (standard) measure — standing/outstanding barley. 1 gur barley-silver, its interest, was paid out (i3-su3) — (for) Gu-sikisal, the sukkal (minister/envoy). 1 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 barley — standing/outstanding barley. 1 barig barley-silver, its interest, was paid out — (for) Lugal-surx-ra-sa6, the ugula (overseer). Total: 5 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 barley, gur-saggal measure. Inim-Enlila-andab, 2 (units).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 115

2 gur-saggal, 1 barig, 2 ban2 of barley — standing (fixed) grain, [in] gur-saggal [measure]. 1 gur-saggal, 1 barig of barley — silver, interest-disbursement. Brought out (issued). Boatman. 3 (numeral, sign uncertain).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 117

1 gur saggal (measure), 2 barig, 4 ban2 of barley — barley outstanding (standing barley), (of/for) Memush. 1 (unit) barley: the interest on the silver was paid out — to KUM-tuš, the man of Lu-Baba. 1 (unit) barley: the interest on the silver was paid out — (to) Ur-Baba, the leatherworker, son of Abamu.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 118

7 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (standard/‘head’ measure) — barley outstanding (gub-ba). 1 gur barley — its interest-silver (maš-ba) was repaid (i₃-su₃). Its total (gu₂-bi): 8 gur 1 barig 2 ban₂ barley outstanding. 1 gur barley — its interest-silver was repaid. Ur-igi, son of En-kisal-si. 3 gur 1 barig 2 ban₂ barley outstanding. 2 barig barley — its interest-silver was repaid. Il, Gal-UN. Total: 21 gur 2 barig 4 ban₂ barley, gur-saggal (standard measure) — barley outstanding. Inim-Enlila-andab, 5 (unit-marker/notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 120

1 gur 2 barig barley — as silver-interest (maš-ba): Lugal-nigani (the) fisherman. 1 gur 2 barig barley, standing (allocated/outstanding). 1 gur barley — as silver-interest — he has repaid (i₃-su₃). (This is the) account of the person (nig₂-lu₂), (by) the man of the accounting (lu₂ nig₂-ag₂).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 122

1 gur 2 barig barley, the silver interest, was paid — (for) Di-Utu. 2 gur 2 barig barley, standing (outstanding), 1 gur barley, the silver interest, was paid — (for) Lugal-me, son of Nigdu-pa'e. Inim-Enlila-andabe, 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 124

5 gur, 2 ul of barley, standing (i.e. current-stock) barley — En-ne, the fuller, (and) Inim-Enlil, the plowman — he weighed it out to him. 3 barig, 2 ban2 barley — Inim-Enlil, in the Emeszida, to Ames — he weighed it out to him. 5 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 barley, donkey fodder (consumed by donkeys) — Inim-Enlil, to Ames — he weighed it out to him.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 128

Basket-of-tablets (docket): Barley of the nig₂-en-na (the ruler's/central household's stores), [the field's] bala-a (rotation/turnover), [the granary's] bala-a (rotation/turnover) — it is at hand (in her custody). Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler (ensi₂) of Lagash. 3 (tablets, numeral sign |AŠxDIŠ@t|).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 129

Basket of tablets: Barley rations of the grown (crop) — (fields) measured by drawing out the plow-line, year: "the marsh field was plowed." It is inscribed. Sasa, wife of Uru-KA-gina (Urukagina), king of Lagash. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 132

5 ban2 of dabin-flour (coarse flour) — for Alusisa, the cook: bread was baked (set out). [......] [......] [......] he/they ate (it) together with (him/them). Bread distributed: 30 (loaves) baked; 90 (in total). Its flour is 3 ban2. The magur-boat, towed/hauled. [......] Ursag. [x x] ...... 7.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 133

[x (measure)] of dabin-flour, for the aga-us2 troops (guardsmen), in the palace, with the ox, they consumed (it). From the house, the cook — its maszkim (overseer) (was so-and-so) — 5(asz@c) gur-saggal of barley, [...] from the palace, for those who are erx-ing (going/coming, i.e. in transit), they consumed (it).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 135

[Bread — allotted]/[x measure, opened(?)]: 20 (units). 3 ban2 emmer (wheat). [x] dabin (barley groats) [...] Ur-sag (recipient). Its responsible official (maszkim-bi). 2 barig, 4 ban2 dabin (barley groats). Lugal-ša. Man of Unug. He received (it) (šu ba-ti). Šeš-lu-du10, the cupbearer (sagi). Its responsible official (maszkim-bi). 8 (total, complex numeral sign |ASZxDISZ@t|).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 136

1 ban dabin-flour (fine flour) — allotted; 30 (units) released/measured out (ba-an-ne2 ... du8-am6). Ur-ninsaga — its commissioner (maškim) is (named, but not further specified here). 2 ban dabin-flour — allotted; 30 (units) released/measured out (ba-an-ne2 ... du8-am6). [...] Ur-nin-[PA] (name broken) — 1 ban dabin-flour [...] (break) 3 ban dabin-flour, (from) the storehouse (é-níg-gur11-ra), from the house — the cook brought (it) (ba-de6).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 137

[x] gur-saggal (measure) of dabin-flour: Ur-ku3, (and) Su-si — they received (it) (šu ba-ti). 1 ban2 (measure): Me-[an]-ne2-si, the fuller (tug2-du8) — he received (it) (šu ba-ti). 3 ban2 of dabin-flour: the aga3-us2 (gendarmes/soldiers), in the palace (e2-gal-la), ate/consumed (i3-gu7) (it). Total: 9.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 138

1 gur-saggal (and) 4 ban2 — salt, by gu2-weight, (in) gur-saggal (measure). Goods/property of [...] 1 [...] [...] [...] [...] from/with beer [...] Lugal-[...]-na [...] [...] [...] place (ki) [...] it was received/delivered (i3-kux/DU). It was returned (e-ma-gi4). It was left/deposited at the place (ki-a mu-da-tak4): 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 139

5 (gur) 1 barig pure onions/garlic, the large gur-measure (gur-saggal), from the delivery-place, the field of Abu'uka, Enigal, the manager, had it dug out (harvested); U2-U2, the foreman, delivered it to him. 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 142

1. 1 gur, 1 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 2. 1 gur, 1 barig of oven-bread (hot bread). 3. Its exchanged barley: 1 barig, 4 ban2. 4. The 1st (installment) was delivered. 5. 3 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 6. 1 barig of oven-bread. 7. Its exchanged barley: 4 ban2. 8. The 2nd (installment) was delivered. 9. 3 barig of ground malt/groats — fine beer. 10. 1 barig, 2 ban2 of oven-bread. 11. Its exchanged barley: 2 ban2. 12. The 3rd (installment) was delivered. 13. 4 ban2 of ground malt/groats — fine beer.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 150

1 sheep, bar-nigin2 (portion/category) — (for) Ningirsu. 1 sheep, bar-nigin2 — (for) Baba. At the malt-eating festival of Ningirsu: Sasage — allotted (it) (lit. "struck the wood"). Sheep consumed. Ur-du6, the chief herdsman (šuš3) — total: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 159

12 male sheep, (as a) maš-da-re-a offering — it belongs to (i.e., is destined for) the ki-a-nag (the libation-place, the offering-place for the dead). Ur-sag, the shepherd — (to him) Lugalanda, ruler (ensi2) of Lagash, set (it) at the full measure (za3 bi2-šu4), (and) gave (it) to him. 1 (docket/count notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 167

1 sheep — mašdaria-offering. [...] [wife of ...] Baranamtara. Month: "Festival of Baba." To the Women's Household it was delivered. Enku, the fattener, brought (it); 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 168

[...] ... (broken) [maš-da]-re-a ("mašdaria"-offering): [Nin]-bur, wife of the rope-stretcher (surveyor), (for) Bara-namtara. Month: "Sheep-shearing" (iti ga₂-udu-ur₄-ra). Was delivered to her. En-ku₃, the fattener — carried (it): 2 (head).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 171

3 ewes, 2 female li-lambs, 6 male li-lambs, 2(?) kids, (under) Ur-igi, the overseer; month: "Festival of Barley-eating"; (of) Ningirsu, (at) Ka-sura (the gate); Ur-nigar, to the shepherd, he gave (them). 6 (total, in the sealed-count notation)

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 172

1 shorn male lamb — mašdaria-offering, portioned out (hal-hal), (for) the wife of Enigal, the overseer: Bara-[namtar]a. Month: "Festival of malt-eating." Lugal-urukaka — into the women's household it was delivered to her. Enku, the fattener, carried (it) off: 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 177

660 ewes — excluding the lambs; 24 oxen — excluding the cows; 16 donkeys. Its total (gu2-bi). Na-e-a, Lugal-mu, by his word/statement (du11-ga-na). The scribe repeated (verified/reissued) (it) (mu-gi4-a). ba-ra (obscure). Sealed: 4 (he2-su 4).

Daily Life·Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 178

1 kid (goat) — Lugal-ki. 1 kid (goat) — En-udana. Month: “Festival of Baba.” Delivered/for(?) Ur-igi-ama, the overseer, (of) the house of the man of the measuring-rope (the surveyor's house). Returned/restored into hand. Ur-nigar. Disbursed: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 180

[...] the enku-official, the second (entry/follow-up) 1 kid (goat): Ur-pasira. [...] the enku-official [...] Ur-Ebabbar, month: "Festival of Malt-Eating," of Ningirsu — gave/delivered [...] Ur-[igi-ama-she], [the overseer], set (it) to the total. Ur-nigar. Disbursed: 6.

1…20 21 22…64