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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 1361 / 1499

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 1020

Attests Esarhaddon's ideological program of rebuilding Babylon — destroyed by his father Sennacherib — by relocating the divine births of Bēl, Bēltīya, and Ea to Aššur, rewriting Babylonian theology in Assyrian terms.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-Assyrian

RINAP 4

Esarhaddon 104

Esarhaddon frames his restoration of Babylon by cataloguing the bad omens that condemned a previous king — making this one of the clearest surviving examples of Assyrian rulers using omen-lore to legitimise regime change.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 109

Esarhaddon legitimises his reign by casting himself as the gods' chosen restorer of Babylonian shrines and avenger of Akkad — direct ideological response to his father Sennacherib's destruction of Babylon in 689 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 116

Esarhaddon's justification for Sennacherib's sack of Babylon: the Babylonians themselves broke divine law — selling Esagil's treasures to Elam — so the gods, not Assyria, destroyed the city.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 117

Attests Esarhaddon's claim to have restored neglected shrines and forgotten rites — part of his systematic effort to legitimate rule after his father Sennacherib's sack of Babylon.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 126

Attests Esarhaddon's restoration of Etemenanki, the great ziggurat of Babylon, framing reconstruction as personal piety toward Marduk — evidence of an Assyrian king actively courting Babylonian religious legitimacy.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 128

Attests Esarhaddon's devotion to Ištar of Nippur — here styled Queen-of-Nippur enthroned in Ebaradurgara — documenting Assyrian royal investment in a Babylonian cult centre during his post-conquest reconciliation policy.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 129

Dedicates a building project to Enlil 'whose command cannot be revoked,' pairing that theological formula with Esarhaddon's full titulary to show how Assyrian kings grounded imperial legitimacy in divine sanction.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 133

Dedicatory inscription to Ištar-of-Uruk in her Eanna temple: attests Esarhaddon's deliberate cultivation of the ancient Sumerian cult centre as a source of royal legitimacy seven centuries after Ur III.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2003

Issued in the voice of Naqīʾa-Zakūtu, Esarhaddon's mother, this inscription is a rare case of an Assyrian queen mother publicly claiming a share of war spoils and directing conquered peoples to corvée labour in her own name.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 048

Opens with a seven-god invocation — Aššur through Šamaš — that maps the full Assyrian divine hierarchy, anchoring royal authority in cosmic order at the height of Esarhaddon's empire.

Esarhaddon 1020

Esarhaddon 104

Esarhaddon 109

Esarhaddon 116

Esarhaddon 117

Esarhaddon 126

Esarhaddon 128

Esarhaddon 129

Esarhaddon 133

Esarhaddon 2003

Esarhaddon 048

SAA 04 001. Will the King of Phrygia or Mugallu Attack a Fortress of Melid? [military and political]

SAA 04 002. Will Mugallu ...? (PRT 089) [military and political]

SAA 04 003. Will the Chief Eunuch Drive Mugallu away from a Fortress of Melid? (AGS 055) [military and political]

SAA 04 005. Will Mugallu Attack Mannu-ki-..., who is Besieging a Fortress? (PRT 029) [military and political]

SAA 04 007. Will Assyrian Troops Conquer Quhna, a Fortress of Mugallu of Melid? (AGS 021+) [military and political]

SAA 04 008. Should Assyrian Army Lay Siege to a Fortress of Mugallu of Melid? (PRT 027) [military and political]

SAA 04 009. Will Mugallu or Iškallu Attack Chief Eunuch Ša-Nabu-šu? (AGS 057) [military and political]

SAA 04 010. Hostilities between Iškallu of Tabal and Mugallu of Melid (AGS 056a) [military and political]

SAA 04 011. Will Mugallu of Melid and Iškallu of Tabal Wage War? (AGS 059) [military and political]

SAA 04 012. Messenger of Mugallu Sent to Conclude a Peace Treaty (AGS 054) [military and political]

SAA 04 014. Will Kuzzurakeans, Tabaleans or Cilicians Invade Que? (AGS 060) [military and political]

SAA 04 016. NN Sent to Que (AGS 062+) [military and political]

SAA 04 017. Cimmerian and Cilician Invasion of ... (PRT 043) [military and political]

SAA 04 018. Will Ursaya of Urartu Invade Šubria? (AGS 048) [military and political]

SAA 04 019. Will the King of Urartu ...? (AGS 049) [military and political]

SAA 04 020. Giving a Princess in Marriage to Bartatua, King of the Scythians (PRT 016) [military and political]

SAA 04 021. Giving a Princess in Marriage to NN (AGS 080) [military and political]

SAA 04 022. Fragment Similar to Nos. 20-21 (AGS 087) [military and political]

SAA 04 023. Will Scythians Invade Assyria through Passes of Hubuškia? (AGS 035) [military and political]

SAA 04 024. Should Esarhaddon Send his Messenger to Hubuškia? (AGS 025+) [military and political]

SAA 04 025. Esarhaddon Sending his Messenger to NN (AGS 026) [military and political]

SAA 04 026. Esarhaddon and Hubuškia (AGS 039) [military and political]

SAA 04 027. Fragment Mentioning Hubuškia (AGS 040) [military and political]

SAA 04 029. Will Mannean Troops Capture Šarru-iqbi? (AGS 016) [military and political]

SAA 04 030. Will Army of Assyria Retake Dur-Illil? (AGS 019) [military and political]

SAA 04 031. Will Army of Assyria Retake Dur-Illil? (PRT 010) [military and political]

SAA 04 032. Esarhaddon and Dur-Illil (AGS 020) [military and political]

SAA 04 033. Will the Army of Assyria Defeat the Manneans? (AGS 041) [military and political]

SAA 04 035. Will Scythian and Cimmerian Troops Invade Bit-Hamban? (AGS 036) [military and political]

SAA 04 037. Fragment Similar to Nos. 35-36 (PRT 024) [military and political]

SAA 04 038. Will Scythians and Cimmerians Invade Bit-Hamban and Yašuh? [military and political]

SAA 04 039. Will Scythians and Cimmerians Invade Bit-Hamban and Paršumaš? (PRT 095) [military and political]

SAA 04 041. Will Mamitiaršu of Media and Kaštaritu of Karkašši become Allies? (AGS 002) [military and political]

SAA 04 043. Will Kaštaritu Conquer Kišassu? (AGS 001) [military and political]

SAA 04 044. Will Kaštaritu Conquer Karibtu? (PRT 001) [military and political]

SAA 04 045. Will Dusanni of Saparda or Kaštaritu Appear before the City ...? (PRT 004) [military and political]

SAA 04 048. Will Kaštaritu Conquer Ṣubara? (PRT 008) [military and political]

SAA 04 049. Will Kaštaritu Conquer Ušiši? (AGS 006) [military and political]

SAA 04 050. Will Kaštaritu or Dusanni Conquer ...? (AGS 011a) [military and political]