Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE

Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.

Illustration: A scribe recording sheep received in an Ur III livestock yard
Livestock administration at Puzrish-Dagan, around 2050 BCE.

~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hala-Adda 1

“(1) Dada, the governor of Šuruppag, (and) Hala-adda, the governor of Šuruppag, his child, strenghtened the gate of Sud with walls.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001444/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hala-Bau 1001

“(1) To Šul-šagana, the beloved child of Ninĝirsu, her master, Ḫala-bau, the spouse of Lugal-irida, dedicated this (mace) for her well-being.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001590/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hammu-rapi 14 (Akkadian)

“(1) For Utu, lord of heaven and earth, his master. (3) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the beloved shepherd of Marduk, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Utu gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for Utu, the lord who supports him, he built the E-babbar, his beloved temple in Larsam, (Utu’s) city of lordship.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q002190/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hammu-rapi 16

“(1) For Inana of Zabala, the lady whose fearsome radiance covers heaven and earth, his lady. (5) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the shepherd who makes Marduk's heart happy, the prince beloved by Inana, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Inana, who makes the omens favourable for him, gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for his beloved Inana, he built the E-zi-kalama, her beloved temple in Zabala, her city of ladyship.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q002192/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hammu-rapi 2004

“(1) Utu, the great lord of heaven and earth! Keep your obedient prince, Hammu-rapi, alive!”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q002199/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Hammu-rapi 23add

“(1) Aya, lady of the Ebabbar! Keep your obedient prince, Hammu-rapi, alive!”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q007321/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Idattu 1

“(1) For Idattu, grandchild of Ebarat, child of Kindattu, Utu's shepherd, Inana's beloved, king of Anšan, king of the Šimaškians and Elam, Kiten-rakittapi, the grand vizier of Elam and chancellor, his servant, fashioned this (bowl).”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004276/

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~2100 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Kuda 1

“(1) To Ningal, the divine lady of Urim, Kuda, the temple administrator of Inan, devotee of Utu, ....”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001451/

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