Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 053

“(1) [Shalmaneser (III), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur], son of Ashurna[sirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur], son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) [also] vice-[regent of (the god) Aššur]. (4) I (Shalmaneser) applied a facing to the processional avenue of the Abaru-Forecourt of the temple of (the god) Aššur, [my lord].”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004658/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 054

“(1) Shalmaneser (III), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: builder of the temple of the god Anu (and) the temple of the god Adad.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004659/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 055

“(1) Shalmaneser (III), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur: (4) With skill, I made a gold (statue of) the god Armada of the temple of (the god) Aššur, my lord, which had never been previously made.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004660/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 056

Records Shalmaneser III's claim to have built Ninurta's ziggurat on a previously undeveloped site — positioning himself as a uniquely divinely gifted king where even his ancestors had failed to act.

“(1) Shalmaneser (III), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of the world (and= king of Assyria; the splendid priest of the god Aššur, the attentive ruler who frequents the shrines of the gods inside Ešarra. (3b) At that time, (as for) the ziggurat of the god Ninurta, the great lord, my lord, the site of which no one among the kings, my ancestors, had ever designated nor had the bricks been laid, with my skill that the god Ea, the lord of wide understanding, had given to me, I built…”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004661/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 057

“(1) Palace of Shalmaneser (III), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria; the desired one of the gods, the chosen of the god Enlil, the splendid vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the attentive ruler who frequents the shrines of the gods inside Ešarra, the one who has seen (5) remote and rugged regions (and) who has trodden upon the mountain peaks in the highlands, the receiver of booty (and) tax from all (four) quarters (of the world), (and) the who opens paths above and below. (7b) Šamaš-bēlu-uṣur, the governor of the city Kalḫu, made (this).”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004662/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 058

“(1) Shalmaneser (III), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of the world and king of Assyria. (4) I built [the temple of the goddess] Ištar, my lady, and [...] ...”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004663/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 059

“(45) At the time of Marduk-zākir-šumi, the king of Karduniaš (Babylonia), Marduk-bēl-usāti, his brother, rebelled against him. Shalmaneser (III), king of Assyria, marched to the aid of Marduk-zākir-šumi. He struck down Marduk-bēl-usāti with the sword (and) confirmed Marduk-zākir-šumi on his father’s throne. I marched about justly in the wide land Karduniaš (Babylonia). I marched to Babylon, Borsippa, and Cutha. I made sacrifices to the gods in the shrines of the cities of Karduniaš (Babylonia). I went down to Chaldea (and) gained dominion over Chaldea to its full extent. I received tribute from the kings of Chaldea, as far as the sea, (and) imposed my powerful might upon the Sealand.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004664/

Read the full tablet entry

~850 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Shalmaneser III 060

“(1) I received the payment of Qalparunda of the land Unqi: silver, gold, tin, bronze, bronze casseroles, elephant ivory, ebony, beams of cedar, garment(s) with multi-colored trim and linen, (and) harness-trained horses.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004665/

Read the full tablet entry