Chapter 00 · 1400 – 1077 BCE
Middle Assyrian
Aššur's first imperial expansion.
~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 1006
In plain English
Only fragments survive, but the gist is clear: the king — bearing his grand title connected with the land of Assyria — records work on the temple of the moon-god Sîn and the sun-god Šamaš. He rebuilt the sanctuary completely, 'from its foundations up to its parapet,' as the standard royal formula puts it. The beginning and end of the text, which would have carried the king's full name and titles and the customary blessings and curses on future rulers, are lost.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(obverse, fragmentary) [...]-ba?-ri?-i [...] [... the] great [...] of the land of Aššur [...] [...] and the temple of Sîn and Šamaš [...] [... from] its foundations to [its] parapet [...] (remainder lost)”
Source: engine:claude-fable-5 (2026-07-12/v7-evolved) · claude-fable-5 · low confidence
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 1007
“(1') shrine [... his] divine dwelling [...] I built [...]. I refaced [...] in [...]. I named the temple [...]. (5'b) [(As for) the one who removes my] inscription [and my name], may the god Aššur, [my lord, overthrow his kingship (and) make] his name (and) his seed [disappear from the land].”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005885/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 1009
“(ii' 6') I trusted in the god Aššur and the [great] gods and [fought] with [them. I brought about] their defeat, [scattered] their forces, [filled] the meadows with the blood of their warriors [...]. The kings and the land [...] equally [...]”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005887/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 11
“(1) Tukultī-Ninurta (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, chosen of (the god) Aššur, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, true shepherd, loved one of the goddess Ištar, subduer of the land Qutû to (is) full extent; son of Shalmaneser (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur; (and) son of Adad-nārārī (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (15) At that time, (as for) the temple of the Assyrian Ištar, my lady, which Ilu-šūma, my ancestor, the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, a king who came before me, had previously built, 720 years had passed (and) that temple had become…”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005847/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 12
“(1) Tukultī-Ninurta (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Shalmaneser (I), (who was) also king of Assyria. (7) At that time, (as for) the temple of the Assyrian Ištar, my lady, which Ilu-šūma, my ancestor, a ruler (who came before me), had previously built, that temple had become dilapidated and I cleared away its dilapidated section(s). I changed its site. (18) As an addition, I built a šaḫūru-house and (lofty) towers. I established a throne-dais for the abode of the goddess Ištar, my lady. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations.”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005848/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 13
“(1) Tukultī-Ninurta (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, king of kings, lord of lords, ruler of rulers, ruler, lord of all, conqueror of the rebellious — those who do not submit to (him and) who are hostile to (the god) Aššur — defeater of the rulers of the land Qutû, as far as the land Meḫri, disperser of the forces of the land Šubarû and the remote Naʾiri lands as far as the border of Makan, strong king, capable in battle, the one who shepherds the four quarters at the heels of the god Šamaš, am I; son of Shalmaneser (I), king of the world, king of Assyria; (and) son of…”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005849/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 14
“(1) Tukultī-Ninurta (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, chosen of (the god) Aššur, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, true shepherd, loved one of the goddess Ištar, subduer of the land Qutû to (its) full extent; son of Shalmaneser (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur; (and) son of Adad-nārārī (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (9) At that time, (as for) the temple of the goddess Dinitu, my lady, which the kings who came before me had previously built, that temple had been dilapidated, crumbled, and in ruin since the reign of Adad-nārārī (I), the vice-regent of…”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005850/
Read the full tablet entry~1300 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Tukulti-Ninurta I 15
“(1) Tukultī-Ninurta (I), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Shalmaneser (I), king of Assyria. (5) At that time, the temple of the goddess Dinitu, my lady, which Ilu-šūma, a king who came before me, had built, that temple had become dilapidated and old. I cleared away its dilapidated section(s) (and) I reached its foundation pit. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. I deposited my commemorative inscription (therein). (18) May a future ruler renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my inscribed name to its place. (The god) Aššur will (then) listen to his prayers.”
Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q005851/
Read the full tablet entry