Position in chronology
SAA 04 015. Fragment Similar to No. 14 (AGS 061) [military and political]
Translation · reference
High confidence(Beginning destroyed) (r 0) [Let them be taken out and put aside]! (r 1) [I ask you, Šamaš, gre]at [lord, whether from this day, the ...th of this month] Ab (V), [to the ...th day of month ... of] this ye[ar], (r 4) [the troops of the ..., or] the troops of the Cilicians, [... or the troops of the T]abaleans [will ...] (Rest destroyed)
Source: Starr, I. 1990. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria. SAA 4. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa04/P237370/
Why it matters
Transliteration
[lu-ú ZI-MEŠ lu-ú BAR-MEŠ a-šal-ka dUTU EN] ⸢GAL⸣-ú / [ki-i TA UD NE-i UD x-KÁM šá ITI NE-i] ⸢ITI⸣.NE.NE.GAR / [EN UD x-KÁM šá ITI.x šá MU].⸢AN⸣.NA an-ni-ti / [x x x x x x x x x lu-ú] ERIM-MEŠ KUR.ḫi-li-ka-a.a / [x x x x x x x x x lu-ú ERIM-MEŠ KUR].⸢ta⸣-ba-la-a.a / [x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x]-a-la
Scholarly note
Extispicy query addressed to Šamaš, the sungod and patron of divination, edited by Ivan Starr (SAA 4, 1990). The king asks the deity to render a yes/no verdict on a political or military question. ORACC text P237370.
Attribution
Image: Adapted from Ivan Starr, Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria (State Archives of Assyria, 4), 1990. Lemmatised by Mikko Luukko, 2018, as part of the research programme of the Alexander von Humboldt Chair in the Ancient History of the Near and Middle East at LMU Munich (Karen Radner, Humboldt Professorship 2015). The annotated edition is released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license 3.0. Please cite this page as http://oracc.org/saao/P237370/..
Translation excerpted from Starr, I. 1990. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria. SAA 4. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa04/P237370/.
Related tablets
Related sources
The single most important literary discovery of the 19th century. It rewired the understanding of the Bible's literary context and proved that the Mesopotamian flood tradition is older. It is the oldest surviving epic poetry in human history.
The literary tradition is no longer anonymous from this point. Authorship — the idea that a specific human voice composes a specific work — enters the historical record with her.
The single most influential Mesopotamian king list — the model for every later attempt to chronicle the deep history of the region. It transmits the political theology of divinely granted kingship, an idea that would echo through Babylon, Assyria, and into the Hebrew Bible. The Weld-Blundell prism (WB 444) at the Ashmolean is the most complete surviving copy.