Position in chronology
SAA 08 453. Fog and Rainbow (RMA 252) [weather]
Translation · reference
High confidence(1) If a fog rolls in in Adar (XII): the land will go to ruin. (3) [If] a rainbow stretches from the zenith to the horizon: Adad will not devastate. (5) If a rainbow stretches over a city: the city, the king, and his nobles are safe. (r 1) From Ahhešâ of Uruk.
Source: Hunger, H. 1992. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. SAA 8. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa08/P238062/
Why it matters
Transliteration
1 ina ITI.ŠE IM.DUGUD iq-tur / KUR ⸢ár⸣-bu-tu DU-ak / [1*] dTIR.AN.NA ul-tu AN.PA / ana AN.ÚR GIL dIM NU RA-iṣ / 1 dTIR.AN.NA UGU URU GIL / URU LUGAL u NUN-MEŠ-šú šal-mu / šá mŠEŠ-MEŠ-šá-a LÚ.UNUG.KI-a.a
Scholarly note
Astrological report from a court scholar to an Assyrian king, edited by Hermann Hunger (SAA 8, 1992). Celestial and meteorological observation correlated with omens. ORACC text P238062.
Attribution
Image: BM — (British Museum, London, UK) — from Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artifacts, P238062). source
Translation excerpted from Hunger, H. 1992. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. SAA 8. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa08/P238062/.
Related tablets
Related sources
Whatever its purpose, this single tablet shows that Babylonian mathematicians, working in base-60, had an arithmetic understanding of right triangles a millennium before Pythagoras was born.
The single most important literary discovery of the 19th century. It rewired the understanding of the Bible's literary context and proved that the Mesopotamian flood tradition is older. It is the oldest surviving epic poetry in human history.
The literary tradition is no longer anonymous from this point. Authorship — the idea that a specific human voice composes a specific work — enters the historical record with her.