All tablets.

AUCT 4, 006

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — AUCT 4, 006. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

AUCT 5, 126

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — AUCT 5, 126. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

MSCT 1, 047, MS 2351

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — MSCT 1, 047, MS 2351. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

MSCT 2, 034-035

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — MSCT 2, 034-035. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

MSCT 2, 072-082

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — MSCT 2, 072-082. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 08, 20

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 08, 20. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 007

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 007. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 012

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 012. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 079

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 079. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 138

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 138. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 222

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 222. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 231

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 231. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 234

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 234. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 235

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 235. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 240

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 240. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 243

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 243. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 250

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 250. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 259

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 259. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 263

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 263. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 264

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 264. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 13, 266

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 13, 266. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 15, 024

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 15, 024. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 15, 047

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 15, 047. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 15, 296

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 15, 296. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 15, 375

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 15, 375. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

OECT 15, 376

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — OECT 15, 376. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~1934 BCE·Old BabylonianEditorial

Code of Lipit-Ishtar

One of the earliest law codes after the Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100 BCE), and the closest direct predecessor of Hammurabi's better-known code. Lipit-Ishtar's code is written in Sumerian — by this period a learned tongue, no longer spoken in daily life — and uses monetary compensation for personal injury, in continuity with Ur-Nammu. The legal tradition is Sumerian; Hammurabi's later innovation is largely to translate it into Akkadian and add the lex talionis.

Bur-Sin 1

(1) Bur-Suen, the shepherd who makes Nibru utterly content, the powerful farmer of Urim, the restorer of Eridug’s divine design, the en priest suitable for the divine powers of Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse who befits Inana's holy lap.

Bur-Sin 2002 / CDLI Seals 012217 (CDLI Seals 012217 (composite))

(1) Bur-Suen, the powerful king, king of Sumer and Akkad: Abbaĝu, the scribe, child of Lu-Utu, is your servant.

Bur-Sin 2003 / CDLI Seals 001562 (CDLI Seals 001562 (physical))

(1) Warad-Šamaš, child of Ziyatum, is the servant of Bur-Suen.

Bur-Sin 2004 / CDLI Seals 012051 (CDLI Seals 012051 (composite))

(1) ..., child of Damu-rabi, is the servant of Bur-Suen.

Bur-Sin 2005 / CDLI Seals 005549 (CDLI Seals 005549 (physical))

(1) Bur-Suen, the powerful king, king of Sumer and Akkad: Lu-Enlila, the scribe, child of Lugal-ezen, is your servant.

Bur-Sin 2006 / CDLI Seals 002155 (CDLI Seals 002155 (physical))

(1) Ilum-ahu, ..., is the servant of Bur-Suen.

Damiq-ilišu 2001

(1) To Nergal of Apiak, the respected lord, the powerful lion, his master, Warad-Nanna, the royal scribe, child of Piqqum, his servant, dedicated this (lion statue) for the well being Damiq-ilišu, king of Sumer and Akkad.

Enlil-bani 01

(1) Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the favourite en-priest of Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse chosen in the heart by Inana.

Enlil-bani 02

Attests Enlil-bani's construction of Isin's great city wall ca. 1925 BCE, with its dedicatory name preserving the ideological formula that equated a king's name with the physical permanence of urban fortification.

Enlil-bani 03

Attests Enlil-bani's rebuilding of Isin's city wall c. 1925 BCE, anchoring both his public works programme and his claim to divine legitimacy through Inana's spousal election and Enlil's favour.

Enlil-bani 04

Enlil-bani of Isin (r. c. 1860–1837 BCE) records his construction of the E-urĝira temple for Ninisina, anchoring his legitimacy in the goddess's patronage of Isin and his priestly role at Uruk.

Enlil-bani 05

(1) For Ninibgal, the compassionate lady, who loves votive offerings, who listens to prayers and supplications, her shining mother, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the beloved en-priest of Unug, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse choosen in the heart by Inana, built her beloved temple.

Enlil-bani 06

(1) For Nintinuga, lady of the living and the dead, his lady, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, built the E-nidubu, his beloved temple.

Enlil-bani 07

Attests Enlil-bani's construction of the E-dimgal-ana temple for the goddess Sud at Isin, anchoring his reign (~1860–1837 BCE) within the Sumerian tradition of legitimating kingship through divine patronage.

Enlil-bani 08

(1) For Enlil, king of all lands, his master, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, ....

Enlil-bani 09

Enlil-bani of Isin claims to have 'established justice in Sumer and Akkad' — the same reforming formula later codified by Hammurabi — linking his reign to a tradition of royal law-giving a century before Babylon's famous code.

Enlil-bani 12add

(i 1) For Annunītum of Agade, his lady, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse chosen in the heart by Inana, built the Ulmaš, her beloved temple in Isin.

Erra-imitti 2001 / CDLI Seals 002519 (CDLI Seals 002519 (physical))

(1) Iliška-uṭul, the scribe, child of Suen-ennam, is the servant of Erra-imitti.

Iddin-Dagan 1

(1) To Ninisina, his lady, Iddin-Dagan, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, dedicated this (statue) for his well-being. (9) Whoever ... order to perform a misdeed ..., may Ninisina, my lady, and Damu, may master, curse him!

Iddin-Dagan 2001

(1) Iddin-Dagan, the powerful man, ...: ..., child of ..., the scribe, is your servant.

Iddin-Dagan 3

(1) For Ninlil, the lady of the gods, Iddin-Dagan, the powerful king, fashioned a composite copper statue, set it up before her, and dedicated it to her for his well-being. (6) Whoever gives order to perform a misdeed against this (statue), ... my handiwork, erases this inscription and writes his own name there, or makes another man raise his hand against it on account of this curse, may Nanna, my master, Ninlil, my lady, and Dagan, my personal god, curse him!

Išbi-Erra 1

(1) For Enlil, king of all land, his master, Išbi-Erra, the powerful king, the king of his land, fashioned a lofty balaĝ-drum, which ... the heart, and dedicated it to him for his well-being. (12) The name of this balaĝ-drum is “Išbi-Erra puts (his) trust in Enlil.”