All tablets.

Ashurnasirpal II 113

Three-generation royal genealogy anchoring Ashurnasirpal II to Tukultī-Ninurta II and Adad-nārārī II, each styled vice-regent of Aššur — the titulary formula that legitimised Neo-Assyrian kingship as divinely delegated office.

Writing & Literature

Ashurnasirpal II 115

Standard titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchors his three-generation dynastic claim — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, himself — in stone, a formulaic assertion of legitimacy typical of 9th-century Assyrian royal self-presentation.

Writing & Literature

Ashurnasirpal II 116

One of the royal inscriptions establishing Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Assyrian lineage, a formulaic claim that grounded his legitimacy in an unbroken line of world-kings.

Ashurnasirpal II 118

Preserves the tripartite titulary — 'appointee of Enlil, vice-regent of Aššur, king of the world' — through which Ashurnasirpal II anchored his authority in both divine appointment and dynastic descent across three generations.

Ashurnasirpal II 123

Labels civic property of Kalḫu in Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation royal titulary, attesting the administrative machinery by which the Assyrian crown asserted ownership over its newly built capital.

Writing & Literature

Ashurnasirpal II 125

Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's reign in a three-generation patriline — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, Ashurnasirpal II — asserting dynastic continuity as ideological foundation for his aggressive territorial expansion.

Ashurnasirpal II 126

Dedicatory inscription linking Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Enlil-appointed lineage to the Ištar temple at Nineveh, documenting royal legitimation through divine office and cultic patronage in the early Neo-Assyrian period.

Ashurnasirpal II 127

Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy in a three-generation chain of divine appointment — each king named vice-regent of Aššur — illustrating how Neo-Assyrian titulary encoded dynastic continuity as theological fact.

Ashurnasirpal II 129

A standard palace titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchoring his legitimacy in paternal succession — one of the corpus of RIAo inscriptions (Q004583) documenting how Assyrian kings constructed royal identity in stone.

Ashurnasirpal II 130

Marks the palace contents of Ashurnasirpal II as sacred property of the god Ninurta, documenting the deliberate entanglement of royal and temple authority at the Assyrian court circa 875 BCE.

Ashurnasirpal II 135

Records Ashurnasirpal II's claim to have built the temple of Ištar of Nineveh, anchoring his legitimacy in divine patronage and a three-generation royal genealogy reaching back to Adad-nārārī II.

Ashurnasirpal II 137

Ownership stamp linking Ashurnasirpal II's palace archive to the Bīt-natḫi institution at Nineveh, attesting the administrative reach of Assyrian royal households beyond the capital at Kalḫu.

Writing & Literature

Ashurnasirpal II 043

(lines fragmentary throughout) [... sun(god) of al]l of the people, ruler, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur [...] [... who] constantly marches about and [...] [...] ... [...] (line too broken to read) [...] subduer of [...] [... who] travels through the mountain passes [...] [...] difficult routes [...] [...] the land of his foes [...] [...] his enemies he struck down [...] [...] ... distant [...] [... shepherd of the] four quarters (of the world), who ... the entirety of [...] [... avenger (lit. the one who returns] the favor) of [the land of] Assyria [...] [... When the god] Anu ...

Ashurnasirpal II 044

(All lines fragmentary) [...] ... [...] [...] all the mount[ains ...] [... king of] Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī, [...] [... the] extensive [land of] Urume [...] [... from the city Ba]bitu as far as [...] [...] the fortresses [...] [...] great [...] which(?) [...] [... I re]turned/restored [...] [...] ... [...]

Ashurnasirpal II 058

[... a]s far as the Sea [...] [...] the temple E-natḫi ... [...] [... Ištar(?), m]y [lady], which Aššur-rabi(?), a prince [who preceded me, had built ...] [... I] delineated [its site], [I reached] its foundation pit [...] [... I com]pleted (it), I made it fitting, I made (it) [splendid ...] [... my monumental inscription] I placed within it [...] [... may (a future ruler) return the ins]cribed monument to [its] pla[ce ...] (traces — the remainder is lost)

Ashurnasirpal II 068

(obverse, fragmentary) [...] ... [...] [... the lands Na]iri, to [...] [... the land Gi]lzānu, from [...] [... he con]quered. From the opposite ba[nk of the river ...] [...] the land Suḫu as far as [...] [... the land] Zamu[a ...] (remainder broken)

Ashurnasirpal II 035

Titles Ashurnasirpal II as 'king of the world' and 'marvelous shepherd' in a three-generation dynastic chain, showing how Neo-Assyrian royal ideology fused cosmic dominion with divine mandate in official palace inscriptions.

Ashurnasirpal II 001

(i 1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…

Ashurnasirpal II 003

(1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…

Ashurnasirpal II 004

(1') son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria. (2'b) For my life, so that my days might be long, my years be many, (for) the well-being of my seed (and) my land, (for) the safekeeping of my vice-regal [throne], (for) abundance in my city, (for) the increase of my people, (for) the thriving of my people in Assyria, [for the scorching of] my enemies, for the destruction of my [dangerous foes], to [subdue] under me rulers who oppose me;

Ashurnasirpal II 009

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), gre[at] king, strong [kin]g, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), [(who was) also] great king, strong king, king of the world (and) king of [Assyria].

Ashurnasirpal II 017

(i 1) (The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of all the great gods; the god Anu, foremost in strength, the one who decrees destinies; the god Ea, king of the apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn, wise one, lord of the lunar disk, lofty luminary; the god Marduk, sage, lord god of oracles; the god Adad, strong, almighty among the gods, exalted; the god Ninurta, hero, warrior of the gods, the one who lays low the wicked; the god Nusku, bearer of the holy scepter, circumspect god; the goddess Mullissu, spouse of the god Enlil, mother of the great gods; the god Nergal, perfect one,…

Ashurnasirpal II 019

(1) The deities Aššur, Adad, Sîn and Šamaš, (and) Ištar, the great gods who go at the head of my troops. (5) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; (the one who) acts with the support of the gods Aššur (and) Šamaš, the great gods, my lords, and has no rival among the rulers of the (10) four quarters (of the world); attentive ruler, subduer of all of the rulers, fearless in battle, ferocious dragon, the one who breaks up the forces of the rebellious, strong gišginû, who treads upon the necks of the rulers who are insubmissive to him, mighty flood-tide…

Ashurnasirpal II 020

(1) [(The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of] all of the [great] gods; [the god Anu, king of the Ig]īgū and [Anunnakū gods; (lord of the lands,) the god Enlil], exalted one, father of the gods, [(creator of all); the god E]a, king of the [apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn], wise one, king of the lunar disk, [lofty luminary; the god Adad], the exceptionally strong, [lord of abundance; the god Ša]maš, judge of heaven [and netherworld, commander of all; the god] Marduk, sage, [lord] god [of oracles; the god Ninurta], warrior of the Igīgū and [Anunnakū gods; the god] Nergal,…

Ashurnasirpal II 021

(1') [...] … [...] troops [...] … [... I] brought them down [... I inflicted] upon them a major defeat. [(...) I carried off ...] their [possessions (and)] their flocks. [As for] their combat troops, [I cut off] their hands [... (x)] 200 of their fighting men [... I] destroyed [...]. (6') [...] I received [the pay]ment of the kings of lands (and) mountains. Irbibu [... of the city ...ḫ]āni, which was his fortified city, [...] trusted [in his own strength] and rebelled against me. By the command of (the god) Aš[šur, my lord, I marched against him (and)] besieged him. Around his city he had dug…

Ashurnasirpal II 022

(1') which from the time of [...] the statue with the name of Tiglath-pil[eser (I) …] I marched [to the N]aʾiri [lands. I conquered] the city Barzaništu[(un) ... I carried off] their [property], possessions, oxen, sheep, [... (and)] turned (it) into a mound of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”). The heads of [their] warriors [I cut off ...] of the Naʾiri lands, horses, mules, [...] … I burned with fire. I destroyed, devastated, (and) [turned (it) into] a mound [of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”)]. (8') [...] the city Tillê rebelled [... t]hey stationed [a garrison at ...]. They stati[oned a…

Ashurnasirpal II 024

(1') See Ashurnasirpal II 023 lines 7-8.

Ashurnasirpal II 026

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, who rules all of the peoples, strong male, who…

Ashurnasirpal II 028

(i 1) To the goddess Šarrat-nipḫi, great lady, foremost in heaven (and) netherworld, queen of all of the gods, the strong one whose weighty command is respected [in the temples], whose form is surpassing among the goddesses, shining countenance who like the god Šamaš, her sibling, thoroughly inspects the circumference of heaven (and) [netherworld], most capable of the Anunnakū gods, offspring of the god Anu, supreme among the gods, counsellor of her brothers, leader, the one who stirs up the seas (and) shakes the mountains, heroine of the Igīgū gods, lady of conflict and battle, without whom…

Ashurnasirpal II 029

(1') the compassionate [god to whom it is good to pray ...]; (2') [Ashurnasirpal (II)], unrivalled king [of the world, king of all the four quarters (of the world), sun(god) of all people, chosen of the gods Enlil and] Ninurta, beloved of [the gods Anu (and) Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, the pious], beloved of your heart, ruler, [your favorite, whose priesthood is pleasing to your great divinity (and)] whose reign you established, [valiant] man [...] shepherdship of his land ... [...] my [kingship], my dominion, (and) my power which [...] I am capable, I am wise, [...]. (9')…

Ashurnasirpal II 030

(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, chosen of the gods Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of the gods Anu and Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, strong king, king of the world, [king of] Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd,…

Ashurnasirpal II 031

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who made (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to…

Ashurnasirpal II 032

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world and king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); the king who made (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê in its entirety, (and) the land…

Ashurnasirpal II 034

(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, and king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê, in its entirety,…

Religion & Myth·Writing & Literature

Ashurnasirpal II 036

(1') [The god Ninurta, the lord of judgment and destruction] and (the god) Aššur, the great lord, [... will (then) listen to his prayers. May they establish] copious abundance in [his] land; (and) may they make him achieve success [in wars with kings on the battlefield]. (4'b) As for the one who erases my inscription and [writes] his (own) name [or] removes my commemorative inscription, [throws (it)] into water [(,...)], may the god Ninurta, the lord of judgment and destruction, (and) the god Aššur, [the great lord], overthrow [his kingship], take away from him his throne, [make him sit] in bo…

Ashurnasirpal II 038

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê in its entirety, (and) the land…

Ashurnasirpal II 039

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria, conqueror from the opposite bank of the Tigris River as far as Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, he made all of the lands from east to west bow down at his feet.

Ashurnasirpal II 040

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of all of the four quarters (of the world), sun(god) of [all of] the people, ruler, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the valiant man who acts with the support of the gods Aššur and Šamaš and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), who treads upon the mountain peaks in all of the mountains, subduer of those insubmissive to (the god) Aššur to the borders above and below, who marches about on mountain paths, (5) who has seen remote and rugged regions, magnificent king of lands,…

Ashurnasirpal II 041

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur: (3b) conqueror from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea [of] the land Amurru in the west, (who) has conquered the land Ḫatti in its entirety; [(I am the one who) have gained dominion over] (the region stretching) from the source of the Subnat River [to the land Urume, the wide [Naʾiri…

Ashurnasirpal II 042

(1) Palace of Ashurnasir[pal (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II)], strong king, king of [the world, king of Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria: (2b) conqueror from [the opposite bank of the Tigris River] to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea of the land Amurru [in the west], (who) has conquered the land Ḫatti [in its entirety; (I am the one who) have gained dominion over] (the region stretching) from the source of the S[ubnat Riv]er [to the land Urume (and) the wi]d[e] Naʾiri lands, in to [their…

Ashurnasirpal II 045

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of all the four quarters (of the world), ruler of all of the lands, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria: (13) (As for) the temple of the goddess [Ištar], my lady, I built (and) completed (it) from its foundation(s) to its crenellations. (20) [May] a future ruler [restore its] dilapidated section(s).

Ashurnasirpal II 046

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), strong king, [..., king of As]syria, chosen of your father — the god Enlil, whose commands [are unalterable — ... He (the king) has trod] difficult paths, mighty mountain chains [...] and he has conquered all those insubmissive to him [...]. (4b - 5) [...] …, the temple of the goddess Ištar, [... its] dilapida[ted section(s) …]

Ashurnasirpal II 049

(o 1) [Ashur]nasirpal (II), strong king, king [...], unrivalled king of the world, [...], the attentive ruler who [...] heaven (and) netherworld, [...] those insubmissive to him [...], exalted priest, [...] the deities Aššur (and) Adad [...] whose priesthood in [the temples they established forever ...], [(...)] shepherd [...] (r 1') [...] ... [...] may [a future ruler] restore [its dilapidated section(s) (and) restore my] inscribed name [to its place]. The gods Aššur (and) Adad, [the great] lords, [(...) will (then) listen to his prayers]. (r 7') As for the one who erases my inscription [and…

Ashurnasirpal II 050

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê, in its entirety, (and) the land Sūḫu,…

Ashurnasirpal II 051

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, who rules all peoples, the strong male who treads upon…

Ashurnasirpal II 052

(1') conqueror [from the passes of land Ḫabr]uri to the land Gilzā[nu]; I [conquered from the source of] the Subnat River to [the land Šubr]ia (and) the interior of the land Nirbu; I subdued the land Lāqê, to its [fu]ll extent, (and) the land Sūḫu, including the city Rapiqu; [I brought] within the boundaries [of my land] (the territory stretching) from the passes of Mount Babi[te] to land Ḫašmar, the land Zamua, in [its] entirety, [from] the opposite bank of the Lower Zab [to] Tīl-Abāri, which is upstream from the land Z[abban, to Tīl-ša]-Abtāni and Tīl-ša-Za[bdāni; the cities Ḫiri]mmu (and)…

Ashurnasirpal II 053

(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria; conqueror of the Naʾiri lands, to their (text: its) full extent, from the passes of the land Ḫabruri to the land Gilzānu; he conquered from the source of the Subnat River to the land Šubria; I brought within the boundaries of my land (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to the land Ḫatti, the land Lāqê, in its entirety,…

Ashurnasirpal II 065

(1') No translation warranted.

Ashurnasirpal II 067

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, [son of Tukultī-Ni]nurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of [Adad-nārārī (II), appointee of the god En]lil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, (4) the one who conquered (everything) from [(...)] the slopes of the mountains of the Lullumê, the interior of the land Ḫabḫu, the land Zamua, (and) the land Ḫašmar, a[ll of them, to the land Amu]rru, Mount Amanus, and Mount Lebanon, as far as the Great Sea; [I counted (all of this territory) as within the boundar](ies) of m[y] land.…

Ashurnasirpal II 069

(1) [...], king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, [..., …, king of A]ssyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the wo[rld, …]: (3) [..., which …, who had com]e before me, ha[d built, …] ... [...] ... [...]