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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 5 / 18

~2300 BCE·Akkadian Empire

ETCSRI

Naram-Suen 2018

(1) To Ningublaga of Asug-ĝišdua, Išṭup-ilum, his estate administrator dedicated this (plaque) for the well-being of Naram-Suen, the god of Akkad, and for the well-being of En-men-ana.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Rimuš 03

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription was written at his left side.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Rimuš 18 (Sumerian)

(1) Rimuš, king of the world: Since the dawn of time no one had ever fashioned a tin statue for Enlil, (but now) Rimuš, king of the world fashioned a tin statue of himself and set it up before Enlil. He counted himself among the gods. (20) Whoever obliterates this inscription, may Enlil and Utu uproot him and destroy his lineage! (colophon 1, 1) Inscription of a šahum cauldron. (colophon 2, 1) Inscription ... of Rimuš.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Rimuš 2001

(1') To ..., ..., ... of Šuruppak, chosen by Sud in the heart, whose name was proclaimed by Nin-ĝidru, ... for the well-being of his king, Rimuš, king of the world.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Šar-kali-šarri 4 (Sumerian)

(1) Enlil spoke: He gave all ... to Šar-kali-šarri, the powerful king, cup-bearer of Enlil, king of Akkad, king of Enlil's people. After he had arrived at the source of the Tigris and the Euphrates, he himself dedicated this (object) to Enlil in Nibru. (colophon 1, 1) The number of its (lines) is six.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 02

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle. It was written in front of Lugalzagesi.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 03

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on the statue. Its socle is not inscribed.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 06

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription was written on the socle. (colophon 2, 1) The inscription on the shoulder of Lugalzagesi.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 07

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on the statue. ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 11 (Sumerian)

(1) Šarrukin, king of the world, was victorious in 34 battles. He demolished all city walls as far as the shore of the sea. He moored the ships of Meluhha, Magan, and Dilmun at the quay of Agade. (14) In Tuttul, Šarrukin, the king, prostrated himself before Dagan and prayed to him. (Dagan then) gave him the Upper land, (including) Mari, Yarmuti, and Ebla, as far as the cedar forests and the mountains of precious metal. (29) In the presence of Šarrukin, the king whom Enlil made a man without opponent, 13 (units) of troops eat daily. (38) Whoever obliterates this inscription, may An obliterate h…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 12

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on the statue.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 13

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 15

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on the statue.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 16

(1) Enheduana, the zirru-priestess, Nanna's spouse, child of Šarrukin, king of the world, erected an altar in the temple of Inana-ZAZA in Urim. She named it “The altar is An's table”.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 2001

(1') ..., the estate adminstrator of Tašlultum, Šarrukin's spouse, ... for the well-being ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 2006add

(1) To Šara of the E-mah, Egal-isi, the temple administrator of Zabalam, dedicated this (object) for the well-being of Šarrukin, king of Agade.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Sargon 2007add

(1) To Šara of the Abzu-banda, Egal-isi, the temple administrator of Zabalam, dedicated this (object) for the well-being of Šarrukin, king of Agade.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 003

Gudea's dedication of Bau's temple at Iri-kug documents the pre-Ur III ruler of Lagaš as a temple-builder for An's daughter, anchoring his legitimacy in divine patronage rather than military conquest.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 004

Records Gudea of Lagaš's construction of a temple to Bau at Iri-kug, anchoring the goddess's cult site to a specific Lagašite ruler and expanding the known catalogue of his building projects beyond the celebrated E-ninnu.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 008

Gudea's dedication of a temple to Dumuzid-abzu at Ĝirsu attests the ruler's active patronage of a goddess otherwise sparsely documented in royal building inscriptions of the Lagaš II period.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 011

Attests Gudea's construction of a temple to Ĝatumdug at Iri-kug, anchoring the goddess's cult site and Lagaš's sacred geography during the Neo-Sumerian revival.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 016

Gudea's dedication of the E-mehušgal-anki temple to Igalim, son of the city-god Ninĝirsu, documents the religious building program through which Lagaš's rulers asserted divine favour and civic identity in the late third millennium.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 018

Attests Gudea's construction of an Inana temple at Ĝirsu, adding one entry to the catalogue of Lagašite royal building programs that defined Neo-Sumerian piety and statecraft before the Ur III unification.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 019

Attests Gudea of Lagaš's construction of a temple to Inana at Ĝirsu, adding one data point to the corpus of his building activity in the late 3rd millennium.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 024

Records Gudea of Lagaš's construction of a temple to Mešlamta-ea in Ĝirsu, adding one data point to the corpus of pre-Ur III royal building inscriptions that map Sumerian cultic geography.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 025

Gudea's dedication of the E-sirara temple to Nanše at Niĝin attests the governor of Lagaš's active patronage of a goddess whose portfolio explicitly included boundary-setting and social justice, linking civic piety to legal order in the Ur III period.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 026

Records Gudea of Lagaš's restoration of Nanše's temple E-sirara at Niĝin, adding a dateable monument to the corpus of pre-Ur-III Lagašite royal piety toward the boundary-goddess.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 030

Dedicatory inscription from Gudea of Lagaš recording temple construction for Ninazu at Ĝirsu: evidence that this neo-Sumerian ruler maintained a personal divine patron distinct from the city-god Ningirsu.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 031

Attests Gudea's building of a temple for Nindara at Ĝirsu, adding one entry to the catalogue of his construction projects that defined Lagaš's late third-millennium religious landscape.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 037

Gudea's dedication of the E-ninnu temple to the warrior-god Ninĝirsu at Lagaš, attesting the Sumerian practice of framing royal construction as an act of cosmic completion rather than mere civic building.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 040

Dedicatory inscription in which Gudea of Lagaš records building the E-ninnu temple for Ninĝirsu — part of a corpus that defines Lagašite royal piety and Sumerian building-inscription conventions in the late third millennium.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 041

Dedicatory inscription in which Gudea of Lagaš credits Ninĝirsu with commissioning the E-ninnu temple: one of dozens of such texts that collectively map the ideological compact between Lagašite rulers and their city-god.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 042

Dedicatory inscription in which Gudea of Lagaš records building the E-ninnu temple for the warrior-god Ninĝirsu — a primary source for the late third-millennium Lagašite temple-building program and royal piety ideology.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 043

Gudea's dedication of the E-ninnu temple to the warrior-god Ninĝirsu at Lagaš, attesting the ideological programme through which a post-Akkadian ruler legitimised his authority via monumental sacred construction.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 048

Gudea's dedication of the E-ĝidru, temple of seven niches, to Ninĝirsu attests the ruler of Lagaš's systematic programme of temple-building as the primary medium of royal legitimacy in the late third millennium.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 049

Records Gudea of Lagaš's construction of the Bagara temple for the war-god Ninĝirsu, adding one data point to the sequence of building inscriptions that document the neo-Sumerian revival of monumental piety ca. 2130 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 051

Dedicatory inscription recording Gudea's restoration of the Kasura gate at Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu temple in Lagaš — one of many such texts that together document the scale of his building programme ca. 2130 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 062

Dedicatory inscription recording Gudea's construction of a temple for his personal deity Ninĝišzida at Ĝirsu — one of dozens of such texts that together map the patron-god relationships structuring Lagašite royal piety around 2130 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 063

Dedicatory inscription in which Gudea records building a temple for his personal god Ninĝišzida at Ĝirsu, attesting the Lagašite ruler's direct patron-deity relationship and the city's late third-millennium sacred building programme.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 064

Attests Gudea's construction of a temple to Ninĝišzida in Ĝirsu, documenting the Lagašite ruler's personal divine patronage and his city's sacred building program ca. 2130 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 066

Votive dedication by Gudea of Lagaš to his personal god Ninĝišzida — one of dozens of such inscriptions that collectively map the theology of divine patronage in the Lagašite revival after Akkadian imperial collapse.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 073

Attests Gudea's construction of the E-kitušakkile for Šul-šagana, son of the city-god Ninĝirsu — adding one temple to the documented building programme that defined Lagaš's late third-millennium religious landscape.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 075

Records Gudea's restoration of the city wall of Ĝirsu, attesting the ruler of Lagaš's building piety toward Ninĝirsu during the post-Akkadian revival of Sumerian royal inscription traditions.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 086

One of the Gudea corpus inscriptions commemorating construction of the E-ninnu temple at Lagaš: a witness to the Sumerian ruler's self-presentation as pious builder rather than military conqueror.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 101add

Records Gudea of Lagaš's construction of the E-ninnu temple for Ninĝirsu and the erection of a commemorative stela — evidence of the votive building programs through which Lagašite rulers articulated divine patronage.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 102add

Attests Gudea's construction of a temple to Ninkar at Niggin, expanding the documented roster of cultic building projects undertaken by Lagash's most prolific royal builder.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Gudea 105add

Attests Gudea of Lagaš's restoration of Niĝin and construction of the E-sirara temple for Nanše, goddess of boundaries and justice — anchoring his building program to divine patronage over law and border administration.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Lu-Utu 03add

Attests Lu-Utu of Umma's temple construction for Ninhursaĝa, adding a data point to the cluster of late Akkadian-period governors who anchored political legitimacy in public religious building.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Lu-Utu 2

Records Lu-Utu of Umma dedicating a temple to Ereškigal at the sunrise horizon — one of the few Akkadian-period inscriptions linking the chthonic queen of the underworld to a solar cult site.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Nammahni 02

Attests Nammahni of Lagaš's construction of the E-ninnu temple and a cedarwood audience chamber for Ninĝirsu, placing this ruler — often overshadowed by Gudea — in the monumental building tradition of late third-millennium Lagaš.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

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