Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 108

“(1) Image of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004562/

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~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 109

Labels temple property as belonging to the Bīt-Kidmuri at Kalḫu, anchoring the institutional landholdings of Ashurnasirpal II's newly built capital to his dynastic lineage across three generations.

“(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria, [son of] Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: property of the Bīt-Kidmuri of the city Kalḫu.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004563/

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~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 110

“(1') [...] the temple of the Sebetti [...]”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004564/

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~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 111

Attests Ashurnasirpal II's construction of Ištar's Nineveh temple, anchoring his reign within a three-generation dynastic lineage while documenting royal patronage of the city's chief cult.

“(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world and king of Assyria: (I am the one) who built and constructed the temple of the goddess Ištar of Nineveh, my lady.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004565/

Read the full tablet entry

~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 112

Dedicatory inscription claiming temple property for Ištar of Nineveh, linking Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy through three generations of royal titulature to both Enlil and Aššur.

“(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), [(appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria], son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of [Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great [king], strong king, king of the world, and king of [Assyria]: property of the temple of the goddess Ištar o[f Nineveh].”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004566/

Read the full tablet entry

~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 113

Three-generation royal genealogy anchoring Ashurnasirpal II to Tukultī-Ninurta II and Adad-nārārī II, each styled vice-regent of Aššur — the titulary formula that legitimised Neo-Assyrian kingship as divinely delegated office.

“(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, great king, strong king, king of the world (and) king of Assyria.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004567/

Read the full tablet entry

~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 114

“(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-dān (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004568/

Read the full tablet entry

~875 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Ashurnasirpal II 115

Standard titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchors his three-generation dynastic claim — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, himself — in stone, a formulaic assertion of legitimacy typical of 9th-century Assyrian royal self-presentation.

“(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria.”

Source: Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online (RIAo), Munich Open-access Cuneiform Corpus Initiative (MOCCI), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; in association with the RINAP Project, University of Pennsylvania. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/riao/Q004569/

Read the full tablet entry