Chapter 03 · 2334 – 2154 BCE
Akkadian Empire
Sargon brings rival city-states under imperial rule.

~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 045
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, made an eternal thing appear: he built his E-ninnu-anzud-babbar, (and) built his beloved divine audience chamber from fragrant cedarwood inside it.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001490/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 046
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the builder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, built his E-ĝidru, the temple of seven niches.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001491/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 047
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, made an eternal thing appear: he built his E-ĝidru, the temple of seven niches.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001492/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 048
Gudea's dedication of the E-ĝidru, temple of seven niches, to Ninĝirsu attests the ruler of Lagaš's systematic programme of temple-building as the primary medium of royal legitimacy in the late third millennium.
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the builder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, built his E-ĝidru, the temple of seven niches.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000915/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 049
Records Gudea of Lagaš's construction of the Bagara temple for the war-god Ninĝirsu, adding one data point to the sequence of building inscriptions that document the neo-Sumerian revival of monumental piety ca. 2130 BCE.
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, the master of Bagara, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his temple of Bagara.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000916/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 050
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his temple of Bagara.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001493/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 051
Dedicatory inscription recording Gudea's restoration of the Kasura gate at Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu temple in Lagaš — one of many such texts that together document the scale of his building programme ca. 2130 BCE.
“(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, built and restored his spectacular Kasura gate, which brings abundance.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000917/
Read the full tablet entry~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Gudea 052
“(i 1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, who built Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, built and restored his spectacular Kasura gate, which brings abundance. (This) is part of the door.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001494/
Read the full tablet entry