Chapter 03 · 2334 – 2154 BCE

Akkadian Empire

Sargon brings rival city-states under imperial rule.

Illustration: A temple priestess and scribes working in an Akkadian-period courtyard
A temple courtyard at Ur, around 2300 BCE.

~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 006

“(1) For Bau, the kind woman, the child of An, the lady of Iri-kug, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her city wall of Iri-kug.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000891/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 007

“(i 1) For Bau, the kind woman, the daughter of An, the lady of Iri-kug, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, ... builder Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu-anzud-babbar, ... Bau ....”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001474/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 008

Gudea's dedication of a temple to Dumuzid-abzu at Ĝirsu attests the ruler's active patronage of a goddess otherwise sparsely documented in royal building inscriptions of the Lagaš II period.

“(1) For Dumuzid-abzu, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple in Ĝirsu.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000892/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 009

“(1) For Enki, king of the Abzu, the eternal and immutable king, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built his temple on the bank of the Tigris.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001475/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 010

“(1) To Enlil, the king of the gods, for the sanctuary in Nibru, the Dur-an-ki, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the boat-tower of the E-kur, dedicated this (vessel) for his well-being.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001476/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 011

Attests Gudea's construction of a temple to Ĝatumdug at Iri-kug, anchoring the goddess's cult site and Lagaš's sacred geography during the Neo-Sumerian revival.

“(1) For Ĝatumdug, the mother of Lagaš, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, devotee of Ĝatumdug, built her temple in Iri-kug.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q000893/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 011a

“(1) For Ĝatumdug, the mother of Lagaš, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, built her temple in Iri-kug. This is (part) of the door.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001477/

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~2130 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

Gudea 012

“(1) For Ĝatumdug, his lady, Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, devotee of Ĝatumdug, built her temple in Iri-kug.”

Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001478/

Read the full tablet entry